Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine

Yahya Forihat; Curtis Taylor; Rima Asmar Awad; Irfan Ahmed

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81888-2_4

Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine

Yahya Forihat, Curtis Taylor, Rima Asmar Awad, Irfan Ahmed

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Subtractive manufacturing systems, specifically, computer numerical control machines, have revolutionized the manufacturing industry. Computer numerical control machining is the preferred method for producing finished parts due to its efficiency, speed and suitability for high-volume production. Securing computer numerical control machines is a priority. Compromises or disruptions of these machines can result in significant downtime, loss of productivity and financial loss. This study examines the vulnerabilities and risks associated with computer numerical control machines, in particular, systems utilizing the LBP16 protocol for controller-machine communications. The study reveals that an adversary can execute cyber-physical attacks such as sabotage and denial of service. The potential security threats emphasize the importance of implementing robust security measures to mitigate the cyber risks to computer numerical control machines.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Critical Infrastructure Protection XVIII - 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2024, Proceedings
Editors	Jason Staggs, Sujeet Shenoi
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	65-84
Number of pages	20
ISBN (Print)	9783031818875
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81888-2_4
State	Published - 2025
Event	18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection, ICCIP 2024 - Arlington, United States Duration: Mar 18 2024 → Mar 19 2024

Publication series

Name	IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
Volume	725 IFIPAICT
ISSN (Print)	1868-4238
ISSN (Electronic)	1868-422X

Conference

Conference	18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection, ICCIP 2024
Country/Territory	United States
City	Arlington
Period	03/18/24 → 03/19/24

Funding

This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO) Award no. DE EE0009046.

Keywords

Computer Numerical Control Machine
Cyber-Physical Attacks
Denial of Service
Sabotage
Subtractive Manufacturing

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-031-81888-2_4

Cite this

Forihat, Y., Taylor, C., Awad, R. A., & Ahmed, I. (2025). Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine. In J. Staggs, & S. Shenoi (Eds.), Critical Infrastructure Protection XVIII - 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2024, Proceedings (pp. 65-84). (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology; Vol. 725 IFIPAICT). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81888-2_4

Forihat, Yahya ; Taylor, Curtis ; Awad, Rima Asmar et al. / Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine. Critical Infrastructure Protection XVIII - 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2024, Proceedings. editor / Jason Staggs ; Sujeet Shenoi. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. pp. 65-84 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology).

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abstract = "Subtractive manufacturing systems, specifically, computer numerical control machines, have revolutionized the manufacturing industry. Computer numerical control machining is the preferred method for producing finished parts due to its efficiency, speed and suitability for high-volume production. Securing computer numerical control machines is a priority. Compromises or disruptions of these machines can result in significant downtime, loss of productivity and financial loss. This study examines the vulnerabilities and risks associated with computer numerical control machines, in particular, systems utilizing the LBP16 protocol for controller-machine communications. The study reveals that an adversary can execute cyber-physical attacks such as sabotage and denial of service. The potential security threats emphasize the importance of implementing robust security measures to mitigate the cyber risks to computer numerical control machines.",

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Forihat, Y, Taylor, C , Awad, RA & Ahmed, I 2025, Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine. in J Staggs & S Shenoi (eds), Critical Infrastructure Protection XVIII - 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2024, Proceedings. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol. 725 IFIPAICT, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 65-84, 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection, ICCIP 2024, Arlington, United States, 03/18/24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81888-2_4

Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine. / Forihat, Yahya; Taylor, Curtis ; Awad, Rima Asmar et al.
Critical Infrastructure Protection XVIII - 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2024, Proceedings. ed. / Jason Staggs; Sujeet Shenoi. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. p. 65-84 (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology; Vol. 725 IFIPAICT).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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Forihat Y, Taylor C , Awad RA, Ahmed I. Security Assessment of an LBP16-Protocol-Based Computer Numerical Control Machine. In Staggs J, Shenoi S, editors, Critical Infrastructure Protection XVIII - 18th IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference, ICCIP 2024, Proceedings. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2025. p. 65-84. (IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-81888-2_4