Abstract
The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observatories recently discovered gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral. A short gamma-ray burst (GRB) that followed the merger of this binary was also recorded by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM), and the Anti-Coincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), indicating particle acceleration by the source. The precise location of the event was determined by optical detections of emission following the merger. We searched for high-energy neutrinos from the merger in the GeV-EeV energy range using the Antares, IceCube, and Pierre Auger Observatories. No neutrinos directionally coincident with the source were detected within ± 500 s around the merger time. Additionally, no MeV neutrino burst signal was detected coincident with the merger. We further carried out an extended search in the direction of the source for high-energy neutrinos within the 14 day period following the merger, but found no evidence of emission. We used these results to probe dissipation mechanisms in relativistic outflows driven by the binary neutron star merger. The non-detection is consistent with model predictions of short GRBs observed at a large off-axis angle.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | L35 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Volume | 850 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 1 2017 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Funding
(Auger) The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina—Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipa-lidad de Malargüe; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia—the Australian Research Council; Brazil—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant Nos.2010/ 07359-6 and 1999/05404-3; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC); Czech Republic—grant No.MSMT CR LG15014, LO1305, LM2015038 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402; France—Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Régional Ile-de-France; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) grant No.LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d’Avenir Programme grant No.ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany—Bundesministerium für Bildung und For-schung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium für Innovation, Wis-senschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg; Italy—Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico—Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) No.167733; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands— Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO); Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM); Poland—National Centre for Research and Development, grant Nos.ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/ 11; National Science Centre, grant Nos.2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/ 00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal—Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania—Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS; CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects grant Nos.20/2012 and 194/2012 and PN 16 42 01 02; Slovenia —Slovenian Research Agency; Spain—Comunidad de Madrid; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Xunta de Galicia; European Community 7th Framework Program grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826; USA—Department of Energy, Contract Nos.DE-AC02-07CH11359,DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107 and DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, grant No.0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; European Union 7th Framework Program, grant No.PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant No. 646623); and UNESCO. (LIGO and Virgo) The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d’Innovació Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d’Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d’Educació Investigació Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFI), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, MPS, INFN, CNRS, and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for provision of computational resources. (ANTARES) The ANTARES authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Région Il̂ e-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Région Alsace (contrat CPER), Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Département du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economía y Compe-titividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigación (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P, and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolía programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM, and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilities. (IceCube) The IceCube collaboration acknowledges the support from the following agencies: U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin— Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association, Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| A*MIDEX | ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 |
| ANCS | |
| ANR-10-LABX-63 | ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 |
| Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications | |
| CNDI-UEFISCDI | 194/2012, PN 16 42 01 02, 20/2012 |
| Conseil Régional Ile-de-France | |
| Department of Science and Technology | |
| Département Sciences de l’Univers | |
| Département du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer | |
| European Community 7th Framework Program | DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-SC0011689, DE-FG02-99ER41107 |
| European Regional Development Funds | |
| European Union 7th Framework Program | PIRSES-2009-GA-246806 |
| FNRS-FWO | |
| Flanders Institute | |
| GLOW | |
| German Ministry for Education and Research | |
| Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin | |
| Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren | |
| International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research | |
| LONI | |
| Labex OCEVU | ANR-11-LABX-0060 |
| Louisiana Optical Network Initiative | |
| MAE | |
| Marsden Fund, New Zealand | |
| Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universitá e della Ricerca | |
| Municipa-lidad de Malargüe | |
| National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada | |
| National Science Centre of Poland | |
| Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada | |
| Research Grants Council of Hong Kong | |
| Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS | |
| Science & Engineering Research Board | |
| U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs | |
| U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | |
| Vicepresidència i Conselleria d’Innovació Recerca i Turisme | |
| National Science Foundation | 0450696 |
| National Science Foundation | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Kavli Foundation | |
| National Kidney Foundation of Iowa | |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | |
| Canadian Institute for Advanced Research | |
| Villum Fonden | |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | 646623 |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | |
| Commission européenne Office Européen de Lutte Antifraude | |
| Antares Pharma | |
| Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique | |
| Hugh Green Foundation | |
| National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center | |
| Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | |
| Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation | |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council | |
| Leverhulme Trust | |
| Royal Society | |
| Scottish Funding Council | |
| Scottish Universities Physics Alliance | |
| European Commission | |
| Australian Research Council | |
| National Research Foundation | |
| Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India | |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | |
| Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | |
| Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung | |
| Danmarks Grundforskningsfond | |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | MSMT CR LG15014, LM2015038, LO1305, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 |
| Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | |
| National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
| Science and Engineering Research Board | |
| Russian Foundation for Basic Research | |
| Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | |
| Belgian Federal Science Policy Office | |
| Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gobierno de Argentina | |
| Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas | |
| Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica | |
| Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie | |
| Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología | ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/ 11, ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 |
| Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología | |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | |
| Generalitat Valenciana | |
| Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca | |
| Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg | |
| Hungarian Scientific Research Fund | |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | |
| National Research Foundation of Korea | |
| Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
| Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse | |
| Narodowe Centrum Nauki | 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/ 00062, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 |
| Narodowe Centrum Nauki | |
| Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS | |
| Vetenskapsrådet | |
| Ministry of Human Resource Development | |
| Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro | |
| Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan | |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | |
| Institut universitaire de France | |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | |
| MPS España | |
| Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica | |
| Autoritatea Natională pentru Cercetare Stiintifică | |
| Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología | |
| Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | |
| Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale | |
| Bundesministerium für Bildung und Frauen | |
| Russian Science Foundation | |
| Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção | |
| European Regional Development Fund | |
| Universitat de les Illes Balears | |
| Helmholtz Association | |
| Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen | |
| Xunta de Galicia | |
| Agencia Estatal de Investigación | |
| Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation | |
| Labex UnivEarthS | ANR-10-LABX-0023, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02 |
| Labex UnivEarthS | |
| Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade | |
| Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules | PNC-IN2P3/CNRS |
| Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules | |
| Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
| Conseil Régional d'Alsace | |
| Canceropôle Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur | |
| Institut Lagrange de Paris | |
| ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research | |
| National Research, Development and Innovation Office |
Keywords
- gamma-ray burst: general
- gravitational waves
- neutrinos