Russian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and arctic black carbon simulation

Kan Huang; Joshua S. Fu; Vitaly Y. Prikhodko; John M. Storey; Alexander Romanov; Elke L. Hodson; Joe Cresko; Irina Morozova; Yulia Ignatieva; John Cabaniss

doi:10.1002/2015JD023358

Russian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and arctic black carbon simulation

Kan Huang, Joshua S. Fu, Vitaly Y. Prikhodko, John M. Storey, Alexander Romanov, Elke L. Hodson, Joe Cresko, Irina Morozova, Yulia Ignatieva, John Cabaniss

Applied Catalysis&Emissions Res. Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

98 Scopus citations

Abstract

Development of reliable source emission inventories is particularly needed to advance the understanding of the origin of Arctic haze using chemical transport modeling. This study develops a regional anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emission inventory for the Russian Federation, the largest country by land area in the Arctic Council. Activity data from combination of local Russia information and international resources, emission factors based on either Russian documents or adjusted values for local conditions, and other emission source data are used to approximate the BC emissions. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and developed into a monthly temporal profile. Total anthropogenic BC emission of Russia in 2010 is estimated to be around 224 Gg. Gas flaring, a commonly ignored black carbon source, contributes a significant fraction of 36.2% to Russia’s total anthropogenic BC emissions. Other sectors, i.e., residential, transportation, industry, and power plants, contribute 25.0%, 20.3%, 13.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Three major BC hot spot regions are identified: the European part of Russia, the southern central part of Russia where human population densities are relatively high, and the Urals Federal District where Russia’s major oil and gas fields are located but with sparse human population. BC simulations are conducted using the hemispheric version of Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model with emission inputs from a global emission database EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research)-HTAPv2 (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution) and EDGAR-HTAPv2 with its Russian part replaced by the newly developed Russian BC emissions, respectively. The simulation using the new Russian BC emission inventory could improve 30-65% of absorption aerosol optical depth measured at the AERONET sites in Russia throughout the whole year as compared to that using the default HTAPv2 emissions. At the four ground monitoring sites (Zeppelin, Barrow, Alert, and Tiksi) in the Arctic Circle, surface BC simulations are improved the most during the Arctic haze periods (October-March). The poor performance of Arctic BC simulations in previous studies may be partly ascribed to the Russian BC emissions built on out-of-date and/or missing information, which could result in biases to both emission rates and the spatial distribution of emissions. This study highlights that the impact of Russian emissions on the Arctic haze has likely been underestimated, and its role in the Arctic climate system needs to be reassessed. The Russian black carbon emission source data generated in this study can be obtained via http://abci.ornl.gov/download.shtml or http://acs.engr.utk.edu/Data.php.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	11,306-11,333
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Volume	120
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023358
State	Published - Nov 16 2015

Funding

This work is supported by Interagency Acquisition Agreement S-OES-11_IAA- 0027 from the U.S. Department of State to the U.S. Department of Energy. John M. Storey and Vitaly Y. Prikhodko were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The computational resources used in this work are supported by the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Computational Sciences (http://www.jics.tennessee.edu). UT-Battelle owns the copyright of the LandScan 2010™ High Resolution global Population Data Set (http://www.ornl. gov/landscan/). We sincerely thank Vitaly Y. Prikhodko’s coordination with SRI Atmosphere to obtain part of the emission source data used in this study, NOAA NGDC for providing the global gas flaring volumes and nighttime products, HTAPv2 for accessing the global air pollutants emissions, NOAA for archiving BC measurement data in the Arctic, the principal investigators of AERONET in Russia for establishing and maintaining all the sites, and Алексей Филиппов (Alexey Filippov) for publishing the data of associated gas composition of Russia in the website www.avfinfo.ru. We greatly thank for Yanfen Lin for assisting the GIS technique. This work does not reflect the official views or policies of the United States Government or any agency thereof, including the funding entities. The mention of any computer software, data products, and or computational hardware does not represent endorsement by the authors nor organizations that the authors are associated with. The Russian black carbon emission source data generated in this study can be obtained via http://abci.ornl.gov/ download.shtml (ABCI: Arctic Black Carbon Initiative) or http://acs.engr.utk. edu/Data.php (Air Quality Engineering & Climate Studies Research Group, University of Tennessee, Knoxville). We sincerely thank for three anonymous reviewers’ constructive comments on greatly improving the quality of this paper.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Department of State
Oak Ridge National Laboratory	DE-AC05-00OR22725

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10.1002/2015JD023358

Cite this

@article{1e752a534e604f91988c28ec0b9250fe,

title = "Russian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and arctic black carbon simulation",

abstract = "Development of reliable source emission inventories is particularly needed to advance the understanding of the origin of Arctic haze using chemical transport modeling. This study develops a regional anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emission inventory for the Russian Federation, the largest country by land area in the Arctic Council. Activity data from combination of local Russia information and international resources, emission factors based on either Russian documents or adjusted values for local conditions, and other emission source data are used to approximate the BC emissions. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and developed into a monthly temporal profile. Total anthropogenic BC emission of Russia in 2010 is estimated to be around 224 Gg. Gas flaring, a commonly ignored black carbon source, contributes a significant fraction of 36.2% to Russia{\textquoteright}s total anthropogenic BC emissions. Other sectors, i.e., residential, transportation, industry, and power plants, contribute 25.0%, 20.3%, 13.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Three major BC hot spot regions are identified: the European part of Russia, the southern central part of Russia where human population densities are relatively high, and the Urals Federal District where Russia{\textquoteright}s major oil and gas fields are located but with sparse human population. BC simulations are conducted using the hemispheric version of Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model with emission inputs from a global emission database EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research)-HTAPv2 (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution) and EDGAR-HTAPv2 with its Russian part replaced by the newly developed Russian BC emissions, respectively. The simulation using the new Russian BC emission inventory could improve 30-65% of absorption aerosol optical depth measured at the AERONET sites in Russia throughout the whole year as compared to that using the default HTAPv2 emissions. At the four ground monitoring sites (Zeppelin, Barrow, Alert, and Tiksi) in the Arctic Circle, surface BC simulations are improved the most during the Arctic haze periods (October-March). The poor performance of Arctic BC simulations in previous studies may be partly ascribed to the Russian BC emissions built on out-of-date and/or missing information, which could result in biases to both emission rates and the spatial distribution of emissions. This study highlights that the impact of Russian emissions on the Arctic haze has likely been underestimated, and its role in the Arctic climate system needs to be reassessed. The Russian black carbon emission source data generated in this study can be obtained via http://abci.ornl.gov/download.shtml or http://acs.engr.utk.edu/Data.php.",

author = "Kan Huang and Fu, {Joshua S.} and Prikhodko, {Vitaly Y.} and Storey, {John M.} and Alexander Romanov and Hodson, {Elke L.} and Joe Cresko and Irina Morozova and Yulia Ignatieva and John Cabaniss",

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T2 - Emission reconstruction and arctic black carbon simulation

AU - Huang, Kan

AU - Fu, Joshua S.

AU - Prikhodko, Vitaly Y.

AU - Storey, John M.

AU - Romanov, Alexander

AU - Hodson, Elke L.

AU - Cresko, Joe

AU - Morozova, Irina

AU - Ignatieva, Yulia

AU - Cabaniss, John

PY - 2015/11/16

Y1 - 2015/11/16

N2 - Development of reliable source emission inventories is particularly needed to advance the understanding of the origin of Arctic haze using chemical transport modeling. This study develops a regional anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emission inventory for the Russian Federation, the largest country by land area in the Arctic Council. Activity data from combination of local Russia information and international resources, emission factors based on either Russian documents or adjusted values for local conditions, and other emission source data are used to approximate the BC emissions. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and developed into a monthly temporal profile. Total anthropogenic BC emission of Russia in 2010 is estimated to be around 224 Gg. Gas flaring, a commonly ignored black carbon source, contributes a significant fraction of 36.2% to Russia’s total anthropogenic BC emissions. Other sectors, i.e., residential, transportation, industry, and power plants, contribute 25.0%, 20.3%, 13.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Three major BC hot spot regions are identified: the European part of Russia, the southern central part of Russia where human population densities are relatively high, and the Urals Federal District where Russia’s major oil and gas fields are located but with sparse human population. BC simulations are conducted using the hemispheric version of Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model with emission inputs from a global emission database EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research)-HTAPv2 (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution) and EDGAR-HTAPv2 with its Russian part replaced by the newly developed Russian BC emissions, respectively. The simulation using the new Russian BC emission inventory could improve 30-65% of absorption aerosol optical depth measured at the AERONET sites in Russia throughout the whole year as compared to that using the default HTAPv2 emissions. At the four ground monitoring sites (Zeppelin, Barrow, Alert, and Tiksi) in the Arctic Circle, surface BC simulations are improved the most during the Arctic haze periods (October-March). The poor performance of Arctic BC simulations in previous studies may be partly ascribed to the Russian BC emissions built on out-of-date and/or missing information, which could result in biases to both emission rates and the spatial distribution of emissions. This study highlights that the impact of Russian emissions on the Arctic haze has likely been underestimated, and its role in the Arctic climate system needs to be reassessed. The Russian black carbon emission source data generated in this study can be obtained via http://abci.ornl.gov/download.shtml or http://acs.engr.utk.edu/Data.php.

AB - Development of reliable source emission inventories is particularly needed to advance the understanding of the origin of Arctic haze using chemical transport modeling. This study develops a regional anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emission inventory for the Russian Federation, the largest country by land area in the Arctic Council. Activity data from combination of local Russia information and international resources, emission factors based on either Russian documents or adjusted values for local conditions, and other emission source data are used to approximate the BC emissions. Emissions are gridded at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and developed into a monthly temporal profile. Total anthropogenic BC emission of Russia in 2010 is estimated to be around 224 Gg. Gas flaring, a commonly ignored black carbon source, contributes a significant fraction of 36.2% to Russia’s total anthropogenic BC emissions. Other sectors, i.e., residential, transportation, industry, and power plants, contribute 25.0%, 20.3%, 13.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Three major BC hot spot regions are identified: the European part of Russia, the southern central part of Russia where human population densities are relatively high, and the Urals Federal District where Russia’s major oil and gas fields are located but with sparse human population. BC simulations are conducted using the hemispheric version of Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model with emission inputs from a global emission database EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research)-HTAPv2 (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution) and EDGAR-HTAPv2 with its Russian part replaced by the newly developed Russian BC emissions, respectively. The simulation using the new Russian BC emission inventory could improve 30-65% of absorption aerosol optical depth measured at the AERONET sites in Russia throughout the whole year as compared to that using the default HTAPv2 emissions. At the four ground monitoring sites (Zeppelin, Barrow, Alert, and Tiksi) in the Arctic Circle, surface BC simulations are improved the most during the Arctic haze periods (October-March). The poor performance of Arctic BC simulations in previous studies may be partly ascribed to the Russian BC emissions built on out-of-date and/or missing information, which could result in biases to both emission rates and the spatial distribution of emissions. This study highlights that the impact of Russian emissions on the Arctic haze has likely been underestimated, and its role in the Arctic climate system needs to be reassessed. The Russian black carbon emission source data generated in this study can be obtained via http://abci.ornl.gov/download.shtml or http://acs.engr.utk.edu/Data.php.

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IS - 21

ER -

Russian anthropogenic black carbon: Emission reconstruction and arctic black carbon simulation

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