Abstract
Classical droop control in microgrids predominantly assumes inductive line impedance, which simplifies implementation but causes power coupling and steady-state errors in systems with resistive and inductive lines. This paper proposes a rotated-droop control strategy for grid-forming inverters that reformulates the power equations by incorporating the magnitude and angle of the line impedance within a rotated reference frame. This method enhances the decoupling of active and reactive power dynamics without increasing complexity or requiring communication links. A small-signal state-space model was created to capture the dynamic behavior of the system under varying impedance parameters, preserving the original droop gains by rotating the power control structure. This allows eigenvalue-based stability analysis and enhances damping and transient performance. Simulation and experimental results validated the improved power-sharing performance, faster response, and robustness of the proposed method under different impedance conditions. This approach maintains the decentralized structure of the conventional droop control while enabling greater adaptability and scalability, making it suitable for modern inverter-based microgrids with dynamic topologies.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 173614-173628 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | IEEE Access |
| Volume | 13 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2025 |
Funding
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Program; Office of Electricity, Microgrid R&D Program; and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office, under EPSCoR Grant No. DE-SC0020281. This manuscript was authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan). This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Program; Office of Electricity, Microgrid R&D Program; and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office, under EPSCoR Grant No. DE-SC0020281. This manuscript was authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/doe-public-access-plan). The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting 864 the article for publication, acknowledges that U.S. Govern865 ment retains, a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide 866 license to publish or reproduce the published form of this 867 manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Govern868 ment purposes. DOE will provide public access to these 869 results of federally sponsored research in accordance with 870 the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/doe871 public-access-plan).
Keywords
- Rotated reference frames
- complex line impedance
- grid-forming inverters
- microgrids
- power-sharing control
- rotated-droop control