Robust hierarchical dispatch for residential distribution network management considering home thermal flexibility and model predictive control

Cody Rooks, Fangxing Li, Qingxin Shi, Jin Dong, Mohammed M. Olama, Yaosuo Xue, Christopher Winstead, Teja Kuruganti

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

In the transactive energy (TE) paradigm, the devices of participative consumers, or prosumers, may be aggregated and employed to drive operational objectives at the network level. Home heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in particular are well-suited to modulate their behaviours based on both home thermal flexibility and requests from the utility grid. This paper develops a robust, hierarchical power dispatch scheme in the context of a residential distribution network. The formulation couples a unique, multiphase linear distribution optimal power flow (OPF) at the upper level with model predictive control (MPC)-based HVAC fleet controllers at the lower level. The proposed approach is tested on nearly 2000 homes with a three-phase distribution network in an intraday market setting, where two major applications are explored and analysed.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2567-2581
Number of pages15
JournalIET Generation, Transmission and Distribution
Volume15
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2021

Funding

Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC), Office of Electricity, and Building Technologies Office under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Grant No.: DE‐AC05‐00OR22725. CURENT – An Engineering Research Center funded by US National Science Foundation and DOE. Grant No.: EEC‐1041877. InformationGrid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC), Office of Electricity, and Building Technologies Office under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Grant No.: DE-AC05-00OR22725. CURENT – An Engineering Research Center funded by US National Science Foundation and DOE. Grant No.: EEC-1041877.This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NOMENCLATURE v0 Approx. nodal voltages vi Voltage at node i ΩB Set of buses ΩF Set of flexible nodes ΩG Set of generation nodes ΩH Set of homes ΩN Set of nodes (bus-phase pairs) Ωmpc Set of lower level (MPC) time slots Kv Voltage imbalance constraint constant Pij,t,Qij,t Real/reactive branch flow from bus i to j, time t Pijmin,Pijmax Branch ij upper/lower real power flow limits ThorL Number of time steps considered in the lower level (MPC controller) time horizon ThorU Number of time steps considered in upper level time horizon TcL Lower level control time TcU Upper level control time TsL Lower level sample time TsU Upper level sample time Tsim Total simulation time ci,tfl Cost of flexible load dispatch at node i, time t ci,tg Cost of power import/generation at node i, time t piflmin,piflmax Flexible load lower/upper real power limits at node i pigmin,pigmax Generation lower/upper real power limits at node i pi,t,qi,t Real/reactive power injection at node i, time t pi,tfl Real flexible load at node i, time t pi,tg,qi,tg Real/reactive power generation at node i, time t pi,tl,qi,tl Real/reactive inflexible load at node i, time t pi,tre Real renewable generation at node i, time t pratedhvac Rated HVAC real power qigmin,qigmax Generation lower/upper reactive power limits at node i rij,xij Pos. seq. resistance/reactance of line ij sk Lower level slack variable at time k syncmax HVAC synchronization ratio maximum tempi,tin Indoor temperature of home i, time t temptout Outdoor temperature at time t ui,thvac On/off status of HVAC unit at home i, time t vimin,vimax Voltage upper/lower limits at node i ωi Comfort weight at node i P Lower level penalty factor δ(j) Parent buses of bus j π(j) Children buses of bus j

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