TY - JOUR
T1 - Responses of soil cellulolytic fungal communities to elevated atmospheric CO 2 are complex and variable across five ecosystems
AU - Weber, Carolyn F.
AU - Zak, Donald R.
AU - Hungate, Bruce A.
AU - Jackson, Robert B.
AU - Vilgalys, Rytas
AU - Evans, R. David
AU - Schadt, Christopher W.
AU - Megonigal, J. Patrick
AU - Kuske, Cheryl R.
PY - 2011/10
Y1 - 2011/10
N2 - Elevated atmospheric CO 2 generally increases plant productivity and subsequently increases the availability of cellulose in soil to microbial decomposers. As key cellulose degraders, soil fungi are likely to be one of the most impacted and responsive microbial groups to elevated atmospheric CO 2. To investigate the impacts of ecosystem type and elevated atmospheric CO 2 on cellulolytic fungal communities, we sequenced 10677 cbhI gene fragments encoding the catalytic subunit of cellobiohydrolase I, across five distinct terrestrial ecosystem experiments after a decade of exposure to elevated CO 2. The cbhI composition of each ecosystem was distinct, as supported by weighted Unifrac analyses (all P-values;<0.001), with few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being shared across ecosystems. Using a 114-member cbhI sequence database compiled from known fungi, less than 1% of the environmental sequences could be classified at the family level indicating that cellulolytic fungi in situ are likely dominated by novel fungi or known fungi that are not yet recognized as cellulose degraders. Shifts in fungal cbhI composition and richness that were correlated with elevated CO 2 exposure varied across the ecosystems. In aspen plantation and desert creosote bush soils, cbhI gene richness was significantly higher after exposure to elevated CO 2 (550μmol mol -1) than under ambient CO 2 (360μmol mol -1 CO 2). In contrast, while the richness was not altered, the relative abundance of dominant OTUs in desert soil crusts was significantly shifted. This suggests that responses are complex, vary across different ecosystems and, in at least one case, are OTU-specific. Collectively, our results document the complexity of cellulolytic fungal communities in multiple terrestrial ecosystems and the variability of their responses to long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO 2.
AB - Elevated atmospheric CO 2 generally increases plant productivity and subsequently increases the availability of cellulose in soil to microbial decomposers. As key cellulose degraders, soil fungi are likely to be one of the most impacted and responsive microbial groups to elevated atmospheric CO 2. To investigate the impacts of ecosystem type and elevated atmospheric CO 2 on cellulolytic fungal communities, we sequenced 10677 cbhI gene fragments encoding the catalytic subunit of cellobiohydrolase I, across five distinct terrestrial ecosystem experiments after a decade of exposure to elevated CO 2. The cbhI composition of each ecosystem was distinct, as supported by weighted Unifrac analyses (all P-values;<0.001), with few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) being shared across ecosystems. Using a 114-member cbhI sequence database compiled from known fungi, less than 1% of the environmental sequences could be classified at the family level indicating that cellulolytic fungi in situ are likely dominated by novel fungi or known fungi that are not yet recognized as cellulose degraders. Shifts in fungal cbhI composition and richness that were correlated with elevated CO 2 exposure varied across the ecosystems. In aspen plantation and desert creosote bush soils, cbhI gene richness was significantly higher after exposure to elevated CO 2 (550μmol mol -1) than under ambient CO 2 (360μmol mol -1 CO 2). In contrast, while the richness was not altered, the relative abundance of dominant OTUs in desert soil crusts was significantly shifted. This suggests that responses are complex, vary across different ecosystems and, in at least one case, are OTU-specific. Collectively, our results document the complexity of cellulolytic fungal communities in multiple terrestrial ecosystems and the variability of their responses to long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO 2.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80053630337&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02548.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02548.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 21883796
AN - SCOPUS:80053630337
SN - 1462-2912
VL - 13
SP - 2778
EP - 2793
JO - Environmental Microbiology
JF - Environmental Microbiology
IS - 10
ER -