Response of NSTX liquid lithium divertor to high heat loads

T. Abrams, M. A. Jaworski, J. Kallman, R. Kaita, E. L. Foley, T. K. Gray, H. Kugel, F. Levinton, A. G. McLean, C. H. Skinner

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Samples of the NSTX Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) with and without an evaporative Li coating were directly exposed to a neutral beam ex-situ at a power of ∼1.5 MW/m2 for 1-3 s. Measurements of front face and bulk sample temperature were obtained. Predictions of temperature evolution were derived from a 1D heat flux model. No macroscopic damage occurred when the "bare" sample was exposed to the beam but microscopic changes to the surface were observed. The Li-coated sample developed a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) coating, which did not change even when the front face temperature exceeded the pure Li melting point. These results are consistent with the lack of damage to the LLD surface and imply that heating alone may not expose pure liquid Li if the melting point of surface impurities is not exceeded. This suggests that flow and heat are needed for future PFCs requiring a liquid Li surface.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)S313-S316
JournalJournal of Nuclear Materials
Volume438
Issue numberSUPPL
DOIs
StatePublished - 2013

Funding

This work is supported by US DOE Contracts DE-AC02-09CH11466 and DE-AC05-00OR22725. Special appreciation is extended to the late John Timberlake for his invaluable assistance in lithium handling.

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