Abstract
A procedure is developed for selective extraction of methylmercury (CH3Hg+) from heavily Hg-contaminated soils and sediments for determination by chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS). Soils artificially contaminated with 40 μg g−1 inorganic mercury (Hg2+) or methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl) were agitated by shaking or exposing to ultrasounds in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or nitric acid (HNO3) solutions at room temperature. Extractions in HCl (5 or 10% v/v) resulted in substantial leaching of Hg2+ from soils, whereas 5% (v/v) HNO3 provided selectivity for quantitative extraction of CH3Hg+ with minimum Hg2+ leaching. Agitation with ultrasounds in 5% (v/v) HNO3 for about 3 min was sufficient for extraction of all CH3Hg+ from soils. Coprecipitations with Fe(OH)3, Bi(OH)3 and HgS were investigated for removal of residual Hg2+ in soil extracts. Hydroxide precipitations were not effective. Thiourea or L-cysteine added to soil extracts prior to hydroxide precipitation improved precipitation of Hg2+, but also resulted in removal of CH3Hg+. HgS precipitation was made with dilute ammonium sulfide solution, (NH4)2S. Adding 30 μL of 0.35 mol L−1 (NH4)2S to soil extracts in 5% (v/v) HNO3 resulted in removal of all residual Hg2+ without impacting CH3Hg+ levels. Vapor generation was carried out by reacting Hg2+-free soil extracts with 1% (m/v) NaBH4. No significant interferences were observed from (NH4)2S on the vapor generation from CH3Hg+. The slopes of the calibration curves for CH3HgCl standard solutions in 5% (v/v) HNO3 with and without (NH4)2S were similar. Limits of detection (LOD, 3s method) were around 0.08 μg L−1 for 5% (v/v) HNO3 blanks (n = 10) and 0.10 μg L−1 for 5% (v/v) HNO3 + 0.005 mol L−1 (NH4)2S blanks (n = 10). Percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) for five replicate measurements varied between 3.1% and 6.4% at 1.0 CH3HgCl level. The method is validated by analysis of two certified reference materials (CRM); purely Methylmercury sediment (SQC1238, 10.00 ± 0.291 ng g−1 CH3Hg+) and Hg-contaminated Estuarine sediment (ERM – CC580, 75 ± 4 ng g−1 CH3Hg+ and 132 ± 3 μg g−1 total Hg). CH3Hg+ values for SQC1238 were between 13.0 and 13.2 ng g−1, and 79 and 81 ng g−1 for ERM – CC580. Hg-contaminated soils (57–96 μg g−1 total Hg) collected from the floodplains of Oak Ridge, TN were analyzed for CH3Hg+ using the procedure by CVG-ICPMS. CH3Hg+ levels ranged from 30 to 51 ng g−1 and did not correlate with total Hg levels (R2 = 0.01).
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 68-77 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Analytica Chimica Acta |
Volume | 1041 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 24 2018 |
Funding
This work is by supported by the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) Minority Serving Institution Partnership Program (MSIPP) managed by the Savannah River National Laboratory under Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS) contract 291435 . Partial funding is provided the National Institutes of Health through Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Program (Grant No: G12RR013459 ) at Jackson State University (Grant No: 1461143) . The views expressed herein are those of authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies, and any of their sub-agencies.
Keywords
- Chemical vapor generation
- Coprecipitation
- Extraction
- ICP-MS
- Methylmercury
- Soil/sediment