Abstract
Chemical energy ferroelectrics are generally solid macromolecules showing spontaneous polarization and chemical bonding energy. These materials still suffer drawbacks, including the limited control of energy release rate, and thermal decomposition energy well below total chemical energy. To overcome these drawbacks, we report the integrated molecular ferroelectric and energetic material from machine learning-directed additive manufacturing coupled with the ice-templating assembly. The resultant aligned porous architecture shows a low density of 0.35 g cm−3, polarization-controlled energy release, and an anisotropic thermal conductivity ratio of 15. Thermal analysis suggests that the chlorine radicals react with macromolecules enabling a large exothermic enthalpy of reaction (6180 kJ kg−1). In addition, the estimated detonation velocity of molecular ferroelectrics can be tuned from 6.69 ± 0.21 to 7.79 ± 0.25 km s−1 by switching the polarization state. These results provide a pathway toward spatially programmed energetic ferroelectrics for controlled energy release rates.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 6959 |
| Journal | Nature Communications |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2022 |
Funding
This research was supported by DEVCOM ARL’s Army Research Office Award W911NF−18-2-0202 (S.R.), the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI−1846863 (C.Z.), the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1640867 (S.B.), the National Science Foundation under award No. 1847254 (CAREER) (M.N.), DEVCOM-ARL Cooperative Agreement Army Cooperative Agreement W911NF2120076 (P.W.C.). The collaboration between SUNY-Buffalo and DEVCOM-ARL is under ARL’s Cooperative R & D Agreements (CRADA−20-048-J001). A portion of this research uses resources at the Spallation Neutron Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research was supported by DEVCOM ARL’s Army Research Office Award W911NF−18-2-0202 (S.R.), the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI−1846863 (C.Z.), the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1640867 (S.B.), the National Science Foundation under award No. 1847254 (CAREER) (M.N.), DEVCOM-ARL Cooperative Agreement Army Cooperative Agreement W911NF2120076 (P.W.C.). The collaboration between SUNY-Buffalo and DEVCOM-ARL is under ARL’s Cooperative R & D Agreements (CRADA−20-048-J001). A portion of this research uses resources at the Spallation Neutron Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
