Real-time separation of perfusion and oxygenation signals for an implantable sensor using adaptive filtering

Hariharan Subramanian, Bennett L. Ibey, Weijian Xu, Mark A. Wilson, M. Nance Ericson, Gerard L. Coté

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper, an adaptive filtering algorithm to separate signals due to perfusion and oxygenation has been developed using an 810-nm source, in addition to 660-nm and 940-nm sources, as an internal reference due to its limited oxygen sensitivity. The newly developed algorithm was tested using Monte Carlo simulated data to prove the effectiveness of the 810-nm reference and adaptive algorithm. Following the simulation, an in vitro model was developed to test the algorithm that used a blood flow through system wrapped with tissue. The system had the ability to isolate the effects of perfusion and oxygenation and the algorithm accurately captured the changes in these signals with reliable consistency. Using the serosal surface of the swine jejunum, in vivo data was also taken to analyze the algorithms response to fluctuating perfusion levels like that seen hi hemorrhaging or failing transplants. The algorithm was able to extract the perfusion information from the oxygenation information in this in vivo study. Overall, it was shown that an adaptive filtering algorithm using an 810-nm reference has provided a means to separate oxygenation and perfusion.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2016-2023
Number of pages8
JournalIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Volume52
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2005

Funding

Manuscript received July 14, 2004; revised April 17, 2005. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and in part by Oak Ridge National Laboratory through the Department of Energy Grant KP1402010. Asterisk indicates correspondng author.

Keywords

  • Adaptive filtering
  • Autocorrelation
  • Implant
  • Monte Carlo
  • Oxygen saturation
  • Pulse oximeter
  • Transplant

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