Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development

Junqi Xie; Marcel Demarteau; Robert Wagner; Edward May; Zhang Jiang; Miguel Ruiz-Oses; Xue Liang; Ilan Ben-Zvi; Klaus Attenkofer; Susan Schubert; John Smedley; Jared Wong; Howard Padmore

doi:10.1117/12.2024424

Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development

Junqi Xie, Marcel Demarteau, Robert Wagner, Edward May, Zhang Jiang, Miguel Ruiz-Oses, Xue Liang, Ilan Ben-Zvi, Klaus Attenkofer, Susan Schubert, John Smedley, Jared Wong, Howard Padmore

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The development of X-ray techniques opens new opportunities for real-time in-situ study of photocathode growth process in details. The initial ultra thin Sb films during photocathode process were investigated on multiple substrates based on different applications. The real-time X-ray scattering and post-growth X-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurement were performed and analyzed. Experiment results indicate that Sb deposition performs a phase change from amorphous to crystalline, the critical thicknesses are different on B33 float glass, Si and Mo. Two methods were applied for film thickness calculation from X-ray scattering data, and they agree well with thickness monitor result. Sb films deposited on different substrates show similar final film roughnesses. The real time x-ray study indicates that the initial Sb layer deposition process on different substrate has different structure during deposition, the optimized thickness of the initial Sb layer may varies depends on the substrate. This study also paved the road for further study of the more complex alkali metal vapor diffusion process in photocathode growth.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices
Subtitle of host publication	Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Print)	9780819496973
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024424
State	Published - 2013
Externally published	Yes
Event	Conference on Photonic Fibers and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII - San Diego, CA, United States Duration: Aug 25 2013 → Aug 26 2013

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	8847
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Conference on Photonic Fibers and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego, CA
Period	08/25/13 → 08/26/13

Funding

Funders	Funder number
National Science Foundation	DMR-0936384
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-SC0005713, KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013

Keywords

Alkali Antimonide
Antimony
PMTs
Photocathode
Photomultiplier tubes
X-ray scattering

Access to Document

10.1117/12.2024424

Cite this

Xie, J., Demarteau, M., Wagner, R., May, E., Jiang, Z., Ruiz-Oses, M., Liang, X., Ben-Zvi, I., Attenkofer, K., Schubert, S., Smedley, J., Wong, J., & Padmore, H. (2013). Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development. In Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII Article 884705 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 8847). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024424

@inproceedings{4845423a371e4c549a541c5a740e4a94,

title = "Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development",

abstract = "The development of X-ray techniques opens new opportunities for real-time in-situ study of photocathode growth process in details. The initial ultra thin Sb films during photocathode process were investigated on multiple substrates based on different applications. The real-time X-ray scattering and post-growth X-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurement were performed and analyzed. Experiment results indicate that Sb deposition performs a phase change from amorphous to crystalline, the critical thicknesses are different on B33 float glass, Si and Mo. Two methods were applied for film thickness calculation from X-ray scattering data, and they agree well with thickness monitor result. Sb films deposited on different substrates show similar final film roughnesses. The real time x-ray study indicates that the initial Sb layer deposition process on different substrate has different structure during deposition, the optimized thickness of the initial Sb layer may varies depends on the substrate. This study also paved the road for further study of the more complex alkali metal vapor diffusion process in photocathode growth.",

keywords = "Alkali Antimonide, Antimony, PMTs, Photocathode, Photomultiplier tubes, X-ray scattering",

author = "Junqi Xie and Marcel Demarteau and Robert Wagner and Edward May and Zhang Jiang and Miguel Ruiz-Oses and Xue Liang and Ilan Ben-Zvi and Klaus Attenkofer and Susan Schubert and John Smedley and Jared Wong and Howard Padmore",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.1117/12.2024424",

language = "English",

isbn = "9780819496973",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE",

booktitle = "Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices",

note = "Conference on Photonic Fibers and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII ; Conference date: 25-08-2013 Through 26-08-2013",

}

Xie, J, Demarteau, M, Wagner, R, May, E, Jiang, Z, Ruiz-Oses, M, Liang, X, Ben-Zvi, I, Attenkofer, K, Schubert, S, Smedley, J, Wong, J & Padmore, H 2013, Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development. in Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII., 884705, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 8847, SPIE, Conference on Photonic Fibers and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII, San Diego, CA, United States, 08/25/13. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024424

Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development. / Xie, Junqi; Demarteau, Marcel; Wagner, Robert et al.
Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII. SPIE, 2013. 884705 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 8847).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development

AU - Xie, Junqi

AU - Demarteau, Marcel

AU - Wagner, Robert

AU - May, Edward

AU - Jiang, Zhang

AU - Ruiz-Oses, Miguel

AU - Liang, Xue

AU - Ben-Zvi, Ilan

AU - Attenkofer, Klaus

AU - Schubert, Susan

AU - Smedley, John

AU - Wong, Jared

AU - Padmore, Howard

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - The development of X-ray techniques opens new opportunities for real-time in-situ study of photocathode growth process in details. The initial ultra thin Sb films during photocathode process were investigated on multiple substrates based on different applications. The real-time X-ray scattering and post-growth X-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurement were performed and analyzed. Experiment results indicate that Sb deposition performs a phase change from amorphous to crystalline, the critical thicknesses are different on B33 float glass, Si and Mo. Two methods were applied for film thickness calculation from X-ray scattering data, and they agree well with thickness monitor result. Sb films deposited on different substrates show similar final film roughnesses. The real time x-ray study indicates that the initial Sb layer deposition process on different substrate has different structure during deposition, the optimized thickness of the initial Sb layer may varies depends on the substrate. This study also paved the road for further study of the more complex alkali metal vapor diffusion process in photocathode growth.

AB - The development of X-ray techniques opens new opportunities for real-time in-situ study of photocathode growth process in details. The initial ultra thin Sb films during photocathode process were investigated on multiple substrates based on different applications. The real-time X-ray scattering and post-growth X-ray reflectivity and diffraction measurement were performed and analyzed. Experiment results indicate that Sb deposition performs a phase change from amorphous to crystalline, the critical thicknesses are different on B33 float glass, Si and Mo. Two methods were applied for film thickness calculation from X-ray scattering data, and they agree well with thickness monitor result. Sb films deposited on different substrates show similar final film roughnesses. The real time x-ray study indicates that the initial Sb layer deposition process on different substrate has different structure during deposition, the optimized thickness of the initial Sb layer may varies depends on the substrate. This study also paved the road for further study of the more complex alkali metal vapor diffusion process in photocathode growth.

KW - Alkali Antimonide

KW - Antimony

KW - PMTs

KW - Photocathode

KW - Photomultiplier tubes

KW - X-ray scattering

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U2 - 10.1117/12.2024424

DO - 10.1117/12.2024424

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:84888859149

SN - 9780819496973

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices

PB - SPIE

T2 - Conference on Photonic Fibers and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII

Y2 - 25 August 2013 through 26 August 2013

ER -

Xie J, Demarteau M, Wagner R, May E, Jiang Z, Ruiz-Oses M et al. Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development. In Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications VII. SPIE. 2013. 884705. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2024424

Real time evolution of antimony deposition for high performance alkali photocathode development

Abstract

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Conference

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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