Abstract
At the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, atomic nuclei are collided at ultra-relativistic energies. Many final-state particles are produced in each collision and their properties are measured by the ALICE detector. The detector signals induced by the produced particles are digitized leading to data rates that are in excess of 48 GB/s. The ALICE High Level Trigger (HLT) system pioneered the use of FPGA- and GPU-based algorithms to reconstruct charged-particle trajectories and reduce the data size in real time. The results of the reconstruction of the collision events, available online, are used for high level data quality and detector-performance monitoring and real-time time-dependent detector calibration. The online data compression techniques developed and used in the ALICE HLT have more than quadrupled the amount of data that can be stored for offline event processing.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 25-48 |
Number of pages | 24 |
Journal | Computer Physics Communications |
Volume | 242 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2019 |
Funding
The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), China; Croatian Science Foundation and Ministry of Science and Education, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research — Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi — Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. We thank AMD and ASUS for their support in commissioning the compute farm. The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), China; Croatian Science Foundation and Ministry of Science and Education, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. We thank AMD and ASUS for their support in commissioning the compute farm.
Funders | Funder number |
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Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung | |
Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions | |
Helsinki Institute of Physics | |
Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia | |
Institute of Atomic Physics and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania | |
Ministry of Communications and High Technologies | |
Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport | |
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic | |
NRU | |
National Nuclear Research Center | |
State Committee of Science and World Federation | |
Turkish Atomic Energy Agency | |
University Grants Commission, Government of India | |
Yerevan Physics Institute | |
National Science Foundation | |
U.S. Department of Energy | |
Nuclear Physics | |
Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd | |
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology | |
Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung | |
Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu | |
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research | |
CERN | |
Central Intelligence Agency | |
Office of the Higher Education Commission | |
Institute for Innovative Science and Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science | |
Science and Technology Facilities Council | 1843572 |
Science and Technology Facilities Council | |
National Research Foundation | |
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India | |
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India | |
University Grants Commission | |
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India | |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | 17H01122 |
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science | |
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology | |
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond | |
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo | |
National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy | |
Russian Foundation for Basic Research | |
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China | |
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | |
Carlsbergfondet | |
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China | |
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología | |
Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky | |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation | |
General Secretariat for Research and Technology | |
Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium | |
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico | |
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information | |
National Research Foundation of Korea | |
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research | |
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse | |
National Science and Technology Development Agency | |
Narodowe Centrum Nauki | |
Suranaree University of Technology | |
Vetenskapsrådet | |
Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost | |
Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki | |
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine | |
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | |
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos | |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul | |
Norges Forskningsråd | |
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | |
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | |
Russian Science Foundation | |
Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología | |
Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie | |
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung | |
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal | |
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú | |
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules | |
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | |
National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" | |
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear | |
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology |
Keywords
- FPGA
- GPU