Real-space mapping of dynamic phenomena during hysteresis loop measurements: Dynamic switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy

A. Kumar, O. S. Ovchinnikov, H. Funakubo, S. Jesse, S. V. Kalinin

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    26 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    Dynamic switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy is developed to separate thermodynamic and kinetic effects in local bias-induced phase transitions. The approaches for visualization and analysis of five-dimensional data are discussed. The spatial and voltage variability of relaxation behavior of the a-c domain lead zirconate-titanate surface suggest the interpretation in terms of surface charge dynamics. This approach is applicable to local studies of dynamic behavior in any system with reversible bias-induced phase transitions ranging from ferroelectrics and multiferroics to ionic systems such as batteries, fuel cells, and electroresistive materials.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number202903
    JournalApplied Physics Letters
    Volume98
    Issue number20
    DOIs
    StatePublished - May 16 2011

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