Radiation Effects

Ceramic matrix composites of certain classes offer unique advantages for components that are used in harsh radiation environments. The potential applications range from the current nuclear reactors to advanced nuclear reactors, fusion energy systems, space reactors, and deep space propulsion systems. Intense energetic radiation in these environments causes radiation damage in solid materials in a broad sense, resulting in changes in dimensions and properties to often severely limit the service life. SiC-based composites of a certain quality have demonstrated particularly exceptional resistance to radiation damage. In fact, SiC composites are considered enabling materials for innovative safety features of nuclear reactors. Radiation effects on these ceramic matrix composites and the constituents are reviewed and discussed based on the underlying physical mechanisms with a main focus on SiC composites. Carbon fiber composites are also discussed because of their potential technological importance.