Quantum sensing of broadband spin dynamics and magnon transport in antiferromagnets

Alex L. Melendez; Shekhar Das; Francisco Ayala Rodriguez; I. Hsuan Kao; Wenhao Liu; Archibald J. Williams; Bing Lv; Joshua Goldberger; Shubhayu Chatterjee; Simranjeet Singh; P. Chris Hammel

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu9381

Quantum sensing of broadband spin dynamics and magnon transport in antiferromagnets

Alex L. Melendez
, Shekhar Das
, Francisco Ayala Rodriguez
, I. Hsuan Kao
, Wenhao Liu
, Archibald J. Williams
, Bing Lv
, Joshua Goldberger
, Shubhayu Chatterjee
, Simranjeet Singh
, P. Chris Hammel

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Optical detection of magnetic resonance using quantum spin sensors (QSSs) provides a spatially local and sensitive technique to probe spin dynamics in magnets. However, its utility as a probe of antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) remains an open question. We report the experimental demonstration of optically detected AFMR in layered van der Waals antiferromagnets (AFM) up to frequencies of 24 gigahertz. We leverage QSS spin relaxation due to low-frequency magnetic field fluctuations arising from collective dynamics of magnons excited by the uniform AFMR mode. First, through AFMR spectroscopy, we characterize the intrinsic exchange fields and magnetic anisotropies of the AFM. Second, using the localized sensitivity of the QSS, we demonstrate magnon transport over tens of micrometers. Last, we find that optical detection efficiency increases with increasing frequency. This showcases the dual capabilities of QSS as detectors of high-frequency magnetization dynamics and magnon transport, paving the way for understanding and controlling the magnetism of antiferromagnets.

Original language	English
Article number	eadu9381
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	11
Issue number	26
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu9381
State	Published - Jun 27 2025
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This research is primarily supported by the Center for Emergent Materials, a National Science Foundation (NSF) MRSEC, under award number DMR-2011876. S.C. acknowledges support from a PQI Community Collaboration Award. S.S. also acknowledges financial support from US Office of Naval Research under grant 298 N00014-23-1-2751 and NSF through grants DMR-2210510 and ECCS-2208057. The work at UT Dallas is supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant no. FA9550-19-1-0037, National Science Foundation (NSF) DMREF-2324033, and Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant no. N00014-23-1-2020. Partial funding for the NanoSystems Laboratory shared facility used in this research is provided by the Center for Emergent Materials, an NSF MRSEC under award number DMR-2011876. Acknowledgments Funding: this research is primarily supported by the center for emergent Materials, a national Science Foundation (nSF) MRSec, under award number dMR-2011876. S.c. acknowledges support from a PQi community collaboration Award. S.S. also acknowledges financial support from US Office of naval Research under grant 298 n00014-23-1-2751 and nSF through grants dMR-2210510 and eccS-2208057. the work at Ut dallas is supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant no. FA9550-19-1-0037, national Science Foundation (nSF) dMReF-2324033, and Office of naval Research (OnR) grant no. n00014-23-1-2020. Partial funding for the nanoSystems laboratory shared facility used in this research is provided by the

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title = "Quantum sensing of broadband spin dynamics and magnon transport in antiferromagnets",

abstract = "Optical detection of magnetic resonance using quantum spin sensors (QSSs) provides a spatially local and sensitive technique to probe spin dynamics in magnets. However, its utility as a probe of antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) remains an open question. We report the experimental demonstration of optically detected AFMR in layered van der Waals antiferromagnets (AFM) up to frequencies of 24 gigahertz. We leverage QSS spin relaxation due to low-frequency magnetic field fluctuations arising from collective dynamics of magnons excited by the uniform AFMR mode. First, through AFMR spectroscopy, we characterize the intrinsic exchange fields and magnetic anisotropies of the AFM. Second, using the localized sensitivity of the QSS, we demonstrate magnon transport over tens of micrometers. Last, we find that optical detection efficiency increases with increasing frequency. This showcases the dual capabilities of QSS as detectors of high-frequency magnetization dynamics and magnon transport, paving the way for understanding and controlling the magnetism of antiferromagnets.",

author = "Melendez, \{Alex L.\} and Shekhar Das and Rodriguez, \{Francisco Ayala\} and Kao, \{I. Hsuan\} and Wenhao Liu and Williams, \{Archibald J.\} and Bing Lv and Joshua Goldberger and Shubhayu Chatterjee and Simranjeet Singh and Hammel, \{P. Chris\}",

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year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1126/sciadv.adu9381",

language = "English",

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AU - Melendez, Alex L.

AU - Das, Shekhar

AU - Rodriguez, Francisco Ayala

AU - Kao, I. Hsuan

AU - Liu, Wenhao

AU - Williams, Archibald J.

AU - Lv, Bing

AU - Goldberger, Joshua

AU - Chatterjee, Shubhayu

AU - Singh, Simranjeet

AU - Hammel, P. Chris

PY - 2025/6/27

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N2 - Optical detection of magnetic resonance using quantum spin sensors (QSSs) provides a spatially local and sensitive technique to probe spin dynamics in magnets. However, its utility as a probe of antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) remains an open question. We report the experimental demonstration of optically detected AFMR in layered van der Waals antiferromagnets (AFM) up to frequencies of 24 gigahertz. We leverage QSS spin relaxation due to low-frequency magnetic field fluctuations arising from collective dynamics of magnons excited by the uniform AFMR mode. First, through AFMR spectroscopy, we characterize the intrinsic exchange fields and magnetic anisotropies of the AFM. Second, using the localized sensitivity of the QSS, we demonstrate magnon transport over tens of micrometers. Last, we find that optical detection efficiency increases with increasing frequency. This showcases the dual capabilities of QSS as detectors of high-frequency magnetization dynamics and magnon transport, paving the way for understanding and controlling the magnetism of antiferromagnets.

AB - Optical detection of magnetic resonance using quantum spin sensors (QSSs) provides a spatially local and sensitive technique to probe spin dynamics in magnets. However, its utility as a probe of antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) remains an open question. We report the experimental demonstration of optically detected AFMR in layered van der Waals antiferromagnets (AFM) up to frequencies of 24 gigahertz. We leverage QSS spin relaxation due to low-frequency magnetic field fluctuations arising from collective dynamics of magnons excited by the uniform AFMR mode. First, through AFMR spectroscopy, we characterize the intrinsic exchange fields and magnetic anisotropies of the AFM. Second, using the localized sensitivity of the QSS, we demonstrate magnon transport over tens of micrometers. Last, we find that optical detection efficiency increases with increasing frequency. This showcases the dual capabilities of QSS as detectors of high-frequency magnetization dynamics and magnon transport, paving the way for understanding and controlling the magnetism of antiferromagnets.

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VL - 11

JO - Science Advances

JF - Science Advances

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M1 - eadu9381

ER -

Quantum sensing of broadband spin dynamics and magnon transport in antiferromagnets

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