Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip

J. M. Arrazola; V. Bergholm; K. Brádler; T. R. Bromley; M. J. Collins; I. Dhand; A. Fumagalli; T. Gerrits; A. Goussev; L. G. Helt; J. Hundal; T. Isacsson; R. B. Israel; J. Izaac; S. Jahangiri; R. Janik; N. Killoran; S. P. Kumar; J. Lavoie; A. E. Lita; D. H. Mahler; M. Menotti; B. Morrison; S. W. Nam; L. Neuhaus; H. Y. Qi; N. Quesada; A. Repingon; K. K. Sabapathy; M. Schuld; D. Su; J. Swinarton; A. Száva; K. Tan; P. Tan; V. D. Vaidya; Z. Vernon; Z. Zabaneh; Y. Zhang

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1

Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip

J. M. Arrazola, V. Bergholm, K. Brádler, T. R. Bromley, M. J. Collins, I. Dhand, A. Fumagalli, T. Gerrits, A. Goussev, L. G. Helt, J. Hundal, T. Isacsson, R. B. Israel, J. Izaac, S. Jahangiri, R. Janik, N. Killoran, S. P. Kumar, J. Lavoie, A. E. LitaD. H. Mahler, M. Menotti, B. Morrison, S. W. Nam, L. Neuhaus, H. Y. Qi, N. Quesada, A. Repingon, K. K. Sabapathy, M. Schuld, D. Su, J. Swinarton, A. Száva, K. Tan, P. Tan, V. D. Vaidya, Z. Vernon, Z. Zabaneh, Y. Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

364 Scopus citations

Abstract

Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms^1,2. Present-day photonic quantum computers^3–7 have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware−software system for executing many-photon quantum circuit operations using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. The system enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms that require up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Detection of multi-photon events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous programmable quantum optical demonstration is made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra and graph similarity⁸. These demonstrations validate the platform as a launchpad for scaling photonic technologies for quantum information processing.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	54-60
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature
Volume	591
Issue number	7848
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1
State	Published - Mar 4 2021
Externally published	Yes

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Arrazola, J. M., Bergholm, V., Brádler, K., Bromley, T. R., Collins, M. J., Dhand, I., Fumagalli, A., Gerrits, T., Goussev, A., Helt, L. G., Hundal, J., Isacsson, T., Israel, R. B., Izaac, J., Jahangiri, S., Janik, R., Killoran, N., Kumar, S. P., Lavoie, J., ... Zhang, Y. (2021). Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip. Nature, 591(7848), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1

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title = "Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip",

abstract = "Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms1,2. Present-day photonic quantum computers3–7 have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware−software system for executing many-photon quantum circuit operations using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. The system enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms that require up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Detection of multi-photon events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous programmable quantum optical demonstration is made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra and graph similarity8. These demonstrations validate the platform as a launchpad for scaling photonic technologies for quantum information processing.",

author = "Arrazola, {J. M.} and V. Bergholm and K. Br{\'a}dler and Bromley, {T. R.} and Collins, {M. J.} and I. Dhand and A. Fumagalli and T. Gerrits and A. Goussev and Helt, {L. G.} and J. Hundal and T. Isacsson and Israel, {R. B.} and J. Izaac and S. Jahangiri and R. Janik and N. Killoran and Kumar, {S. P.} and J. Lavoie and Lita, {A. E.} and Mahler, {D. H.} and M. Menotti and B. Morrison and Nam, {S. W.} and L. Neuhaus and Qi, {H. Y.} and N. Quesada and A. Repingon and Sabapathy, {K. K.} and M. Schuld and D. Su and J. Swinarton and A. Sz{\'a}va and K. Tan and P. Tan and Vaidya, {V. D.} and Z. Vernon and Z. Zabaneh and Y. Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

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Arrazola, JM, Bergholm, V, Brádler, K, Bromley, TR, Collins, MJ, Dhand, I, Fumagalli, A, Gerrits, T, Goussev, A, Helt, LG, Hundal, J, Isacsson, T, Israel, RB, Izaac, J, Jahangiri, S, Janik, R, Killoran, N, Kumar, SP, Lavoie, J, Lita, AE, Mahler, DH, Menotti, M, Morrison, B, Nam, SW, Neuhaus, L, Qi, HY, Quesada, N, Repingon, A, Sabapathy, KK, Schuld, M, Su, D, Swinarton, J, Száva, A, Tan, K, Tan, P, Vaidya, VD, Vernon, Z, Zabaneh, Z & Zhang, Y 2021, 'Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip', Nature, vol. 591, no. 7848, pp. 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1

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T1 - Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip

AU - Arrazola, J. M.

AU - Bergholm, V.

AU - Brádler, K.

AU - Bromley, T. R.

AU - Collins, M. J.

AU - Dhand, I.

AU - Fumagalli, A.

AU - Gerrits, T.

AU - Goussev, A.

AU - Helt, L. G.

AU - Hundal, J.

AU - Isacsson, T.

AU - Israel, R. B.

AU - Izaac, J.

AU - Jahangiri, S.

AU - Janik, R.

AU - Killoran, N.

AU - Kumar, S. P.

AU - Lavoie, J.

AU - Lita, A. E.

AU - Mahler, D. H.

AU - Menotti, M.

AU - Morrison, B.

AU - Nam, S. W.

AU - Neuhaus, L.

AU - Qi, H. Y.

AU - Quesada, N.

AU - Repingon, A.

AU - Sabapathy, K. K.

AU - Schuld, M.

AU - Su, D.

AU - Swinarton, J.

AU - Száva, A.

AU - Tan, K.

AU - Tan, P.

AU - Vaidya, V. D.

AU - Vernon, Z.

AU - Zabaneh, Z.

AU - Zhang, Y.

PY - 2021/3/4

Y1 - 2021/3/4

N2 - Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms1,2. Present-day photonic quantum computers3–7 have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware−software system for executing many-photon quantum circuit operations using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. The system enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms that require up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Detection of multi-photon events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous programmable quantum optical demonstration is made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra and graph similarity8. These demonstrations validate the platform as a launchpad for scaling photonic technologies for quantum information processing.

AB - Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms1,2. Present-day photonic quantum computers3–7 have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware−software system for executing many-photon quantum circuit operations using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. The system enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms that require up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Detection of multi-photon events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous programmable quantum optical demonstration is made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra and graph similarity8. These demonstrations validate the platform as a launchpad for scaling photonic technologies for quantum information processing.

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DO - 10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1

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Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip

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