Quantitative Particle Analysis of Neptunium-237 Oxides: Optimization of MAMA Analysis for Modified Direct Denitration Products

The production of plutonium-238 through irradiation of neptunium-237 (²³⁷Np) target materials for the use in radioisotope thermoelectric generators is paramount for continued deep space exploration. This work employs scanning electron microscopy to analyze ²³⁷Np materials coupled with a well-developed image analysis framework (Morphological Analysis for Material Attribution, or MAMA) to determine the degree of micron-scale homogeneity in the materials. This work demonstrated how the quantification of particle characteristics can validate production materials and affirm the qualitative similarities observed in micrographs. The ²³⁷Np oxide particle analysis determined that the materials from five production runs were quantitatively homogenous (significant at α = 0.05) in particle area, circularity, equivalent circular diameter, and ellipse aspect ratio, with two of the sampling dates having statistically significant different means for one of the four characteristics. These metrics not only confirm general homogeneity of the material but also expand the application of MAMA workflows to ²³⁷Np materials, demonstrating the utility of MAMA analysis for a wider breadth of nuclear materials than previously reported. In the open literature, this study is the first time that these microanalytical techniques were applied to ²³⁷Np materials to this degree.