Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime

D. Ruth; R. Zielinski; C. Gu; M. Allada (Cummings); T. Badman; M. Huang; J. Liu; P. Zhu; K. Allada; J. Zhang; A. Camsonne; J. P. Chen; K. Slifer; K. Aniol; J. Annand; J. Arrington; T. Averett; H. Baghdasaryan; V. Bellini; W. Boeglin; J. Brock; C. Carlin; C. Chen; E. Cisbani; D. Crabb; A. Daniel; D. Day; R. Duve; L. El Fassi; M. Friedman; E. Fuchey; H. Gao; R. Gilman; S. Glamazdin; P. Gueye; M. Hafez; Y. Han; O. Hansen; M. Hashemi Shabestari; O. Hen; D. Higinbotham; T. Horn; S. Iqbal; E. Jensen; H. Kang; C. D. Keith; A. Kelleher; D. Keller; H. Khanal; I. Korover; G. Kumbartzki; W. Li; J. Lichtenstadt; R. Lindgren; E. Long; S. Malace; P. Markowitz; J. Maxwell; D. M. Meekins; Z. E. Meziani; C. McLean; R. Michaels; M. Mihovilovič; N. Muangma; C. Munoz Camacho; J. Musson; K. Myers; Y. Oh; M. Pannunzio Carmignotto; C. Perdrisat; S. Phillips; E. Piasetzky; J. Pierce; V. Punjabi; Y. Qiang; P. E. Reimer; Y. Roblin; G. Ron; O. Rondon; G. Russo; K. Saenboonruang; B. Sawatzky; A. Shahinyan; R. Shneor; S. Širca; J. Sjoegren; P. Solvignon-Slifer; N. Sparveris; V. Sulkosky; F. Wesselmann; W. Yan; H. Yang; H. Yao; Z. Ye; M. Yurov; Y. Zhang; Y. X. Zhao; X. Zheng

doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y

Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime

D. Ruth, R. Zielinski, C. Gu, M. Allada (Cummings), T. Badman, M. Huang, J. Liu, P. Zhu, K. Allada, J. Zhang, A. Camsonne, J. P. Chen, K. Slifer, K. Aniol, J. Annand, J. Arrington, T. Averett, H. Baghdasaryan, V. Bellini, W. BoeglinJ. Brock, C. Carlin, C. Chen, E. Cisbani, D. Crabb, A. Daniel, D. Day, R. Duve, L. El Fassi, M. Friedman, E. Fuchey, H. Gao, R. Gilman, S. Glamazdin, P. Gueye, M. Hafez, Y. Han, O. Hansen, M. Hashemi Shabestari, O. Hen, D. Higinbotham, T. Horn, S. Iqbal, E. Jensen, H. Kang, C. D. Keith, A. Kelleher, D. Keller, H. Khanal, I. Korover, G. Kumbartzki, W. Li, J. Lichtenstadt, R. Lindgren, E. Long, S. Malace, P. Markowitz, J. Maxwell, D. M. Meekins, Z. E. Meziani, C. McLean, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovič, N. Muangma, C. Munoz Camacho, J. Musson, K. Myers, Y. Oh, M. Pannunzio Carmignotto, C. Perdrisat, S. Phillips, E. Piasetzky, J. Pierce, V. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, P. E. Reimer, Y. Roblin, G. Ron, O. Rondon, G. Russo, K. Saenboonruang, B. Sawatzky, A. Shahinyan, R. Shneor, S. Širca, J. Sjoegren, P. Solvignon-Slifer, N. Sparveris, V. Sulkosky, F. Wesselmann, W. Yan, H. Yang, H. Yao, Z. Ye, M. Yurov, Y. Zhang, Y. X. Zhao, X. Zheng

HFIR Low Temperature and Magnets

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Abstract

The strong interaction is not well understood at low energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer. Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are fundamental quantities describing the nucleon’s response to an external field. We report a measurement of the proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g₂ characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse spin polarizability δ_LT and twist-3 matrix element and polarizability d₂¯. Our results provide discriminating power between existing chiral perturbation theory calculations and will help provide a better understanding of this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1441-1446
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature Physics
Volume	18
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y
State	Published - Dec 2022

Funding

We would like to thank the Hall A technical staff, polarized target group, and the accelerator operators for their efforts and dedication. We would also like to thank J. M. Alarcón, V. Bernard, P. Bosted, E. Christy, A. Deur, E. Epelbaum, F. Hagelstein, H. Krebs, S. Kuhn, V. Lensky, U.-G. Meißner and V. Pascalutsa for their very helpful discussion and suggestions on this publication. This work was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under grants DE-FG02-88ER40410 (funding the University of New Hampshire Nuclear Physics group, received by K.S.), DE-FG02-96ER40950 (funding the University of Virginia Polarized Target Group, received by D.D.) and DE-AC02-06CH11357 (funding the Argonne National Lab group, received by P.R.). The Southeastern Universities Research Association operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.

Funders	Funder number
Argonne National Lab group
University of New Hampshire Nuclear Physics	DE-FG02-96ER40950
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-FG02-88ER40410
U.S. Department of Energy
University of Virginia	DE-AC02-06CH11357
University of Virginia
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility	DE-AC05-06OR23177
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

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Ruth, D., Zielinski, R., Gu, C., Allada (Cummings), M., Badman, T., Huang, M., Liu, J., Zhu, P., Allada, K., Zhang, J., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. P., Slifer, K., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bellini, V., ... Zheng, X. (2022). Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime. Nature Physics, 18(12), 1441-1446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y

@article{1e88d227728b4909902f52b43e6860ee,

title = "Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime",

abstract = "The strong interaction is not well understood at low energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer. Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are fundamental quantities describing the nucleon{\textquoteright}s response to an external field. We report a measurement of the proton{\textquoteright}s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g2 characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse spin polarizability δLT and twist-3 matrix element and polarizability d2¯. Our results provide discriminating power between existing chiral perturbation theory calculations and will help provide a better understanding of this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.",

author = "D. Ruth and R. Zielinski and C. Gu and {Allada (Cummings)}, M. and T. Badman and M. Huang and J. Liu and P. Zhu and K. Allada and J. Zhang and A. Camsonne and Chen, {J. P.} and K. Slifer and K. Aniol and J. Annand and J. Arrington and T. Averett and H. Baghdasaryan and V. Bellini and W. Boeglin and J. Brock and C. Carlin and C. Chen and E. Cisbani and D. Crabb and A. Daniel and D. Day and R. Duve and Fassi, {L. El} and M. Friedman and E. Fuchey and H. Gao and R. Gilman and S. Glamazdin and P. Gueye and M. Hafez and Y. Han and O. Hansen and Shabestari, {M. Hashemi} and O. Hen and D. Higinbotham and T. Horn and S. Iqbal and E. Jensen and H. Kang and Keith, {C. D.} and A. Kelleher and D. Keller and H. Khanal and I. Korover and G. Kumbartzki and W. Li and J. Lichtenstadt and R. Lindgren and E. Long and S. Malace and P. Markowitz and J. Maxwell and Meekins, {D. M.} and Meziani, {Z. E.} and C. McLean and R. Michaels and M. Mihovilovi{\v c} and N. Muangma and Camacho, {C. Munoz} and J. Musson and K. Myers and Y. Oh and Carmignotto, {M. Pannunzio} and C. Perdrisat and S. Phillips and E. Piasetzky and J. Pierce and V. Punjabi and Y. Qiang and Reimer, {P. E.} and Y. Roblin and G. Ron and O. Rondon and G. Russo and K. Saenboonruang and B. Sawatzky and A. Shahinyan and R. Shneor and S. {\v S}irca and J. Sjoegren and P. Solvignon-Slifer and N. Sparveris and V. Sulkosky and F. Wesselmann and W. Yan and H. Yang and H. Yao and Z. Ye and M. Yurov and Y. Zhang and Zhao, {Y. X.} and X. Zheng",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

pages = "1441--1446",

journal = "Nature Physics",

issn = "1745-2473",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "12",

}

Ruth, D, Zielinski, R, Gu, C, Allada (Cummings), M, Badman, T, Huang, M, Liu, J, Zhu, P, Allada, K, Zhang, J, Camsonne, A, Chen, JP, Slifer, K, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bellini, V, Boeglin, W, Brock, J, Carlin, C, Chen, C, Cisbani, E, Crabb, D, Daniel, A, Day, D, Duve, R, Fassi, LE, Friedman, M, Fuchey, E, Gao, H, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gueye, P, Hafez, M, Han, Y, Hansen, O, Shabestari, MH, Hen, O, Higinbotham, D, Horn, T, Iqbal, S, Jensen, E, Kang, H, Keith, CD, Kelleher, A, Keller, D, Khanal, H, Korover, I, Kumbartzki, G, Li, W, Lichtenstadt, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Maxwell, J, Meekins, DM, Meziani, ZE, McLean, C, Michaels, R, Mihovilovič, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Musson, J, Myers, K, Oh, Y, Carmignotto, MP, Perdrisat, C, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pierce, J, Punjabi, V, Qiang, Y, Reimer, PE, Roblin, Y, Ron, G, Rondon, O, Russo, G, Saenboonruang, K, Sawatzky, B, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Sjoegren, J, Solvignon-Slifer, P, Sparveris, N, Sulkosky, V, Wesselmann, F, Yan, W, Yang, H, Yao, H, Ye, Z, Yurov, M, Zhang, Y, Zhao, YX & Zheng, X 2022, 'Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime', Nature Physics, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1441-1446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y

TY - JOUR

T1 - Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime

AU - Ruth, D.

AU - Zielinski, R.

AU - Gu, C.

AU - Allada (Cummings), M.

AU - Badman, T.

AU - Huang, M.

AU - Liu, J.

AU - Zhu, P.

AU - Allada, K.

AU - Zhang, J.

AU - Camsonne, A.

AU - Chen, J. P.

AU - Slifer, K.

AU - Aniol, K.

AU - Annand, J.

AU - Arrington, J.

AU - Averett, T.

AU - Baghdasaryan, H.

AU - Bellini, V.

AU - Boeglin, W.

AU - Brock, J.

AU - Carlin, C.

AU - Chen, C.

AU - Cisbani, E.

AU - Crabb, D.

AU - Daniel, A.

AU - Day, D.

AU - Duve, R.

AU - Fassi, L. El

AU - Friedman, M.

AU - Fuchey, E.

AU - Gao, H.

AU - Gilman, R.

AU - Glamazdin, S.

AU - Gueye, P.

AU - Hafez, M.

AU - Han, Y.

AU - Hansen, O.

AU - Shabestari, M. Hashemi

AU - Hen, O.

AU - Higinbotham, D.

AU - Horn, T.

AU - Iqbal, S.

AU - Jensen, E.

AU - Kang, H.

AU - Keith, C. D.

AU - Kelleher, A.

AU - Keller, D.

AU - Khanal, H.

AU - Korover, I.

AU - Kumbartzki, G.

AU - Li, W.

AU - Lichtenstadt, J.

AU - Lindgren, R.

AU - Long, E.

AU - Malace, S.

AU - Markowitz, P.

AU - Maxwell, J.

AU - Meekins, D. M.

AU - Meziani, Z. E.

AU - McLean, C.

AU - Michaels, R.

AU - Mihovilovič, M.

AU - Muangma, N.

AU - Camacho, C. Munoz

AU - Musson, J.

AU - Myers, K.

AU - Oh, Y.

AU - Carmignotto, M. Pannunzio

AU - Perdrisat, C.

AU - Phillips, S.

AU - Piasetzky, E.

AU - Pierce, J.

AU - Punjabi, V.

AU - Qiang, Y.

AU - Reimer, P. E.

AU - Roblin, Y.

AU - Ron, G.

AU - Rondon, O.

AU - Russo, G.

AU - Saenboonruang, K.

AU - Sawatzky, B.

AU - Shahinyan, A.

AU - Shneor, R.

AU - Širca, S.

AU - Sjoegren, J.

AU - Solvignon-Slifer, P.

AU - Sparveris, N.

AU - Sulkosky, V.

AU - Wesselmann, F.

AU - Yan, W.

AU - Yang, H.

AU - Yao, H.

AU - Ye, Z.

AU - Yurov, M.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Zhao, Y. X.

AU - Zheng, X.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - The strong interaction is not well understood at low energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer. Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are fundamental quantities describing the nucleon’s response to an external field. We report a measurement of the proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g2 characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse spin polarizability δLT and twist-3 matrix element and polarizability d2¯. Our results provide discriminating power between existing chiral perturbation theory calculations and will help provide a better understanding of this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.

AB - The strong interaction is not well understood at low energies or for interactions with low momentum transfer. Chiral perturbation theory gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities, which are fundamental quantities describing the nucleon’s response to an external field. We report a measurement of the proton’s generalized spin polarizabilities extracted with a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia target in the region where chiral perturbation theory is expected to be valid. The investigated structure function g2 characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. From its moments, we extract the longitudinal–transverse spin polarizability δLT and twist-3 matrix element and polarizability d2¯. Our results provide discriminating power between existing chiral perturbation theory calculations and will help provide a better understanding of this strong quantum chromodynamics regime.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139950284&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y

DO - 10.1038/s41567-022-01781-y

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85139950284

SN - 1745-2473

VL - 18

SP - 1441

EP - 1446

JO - Nature Physics

JF - Nature Physics

IS - 12

ER -

Proton spin structure and generalized polarizabilities in the strong quantum chromodynamics regime

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