Abstract
Tungsten (W) and W alloys are considered as primary candidates for plasma-facing components (PFCs) that must perform in severe environments in terms of temperature, neutron fluxes, plasma effects, and irradiation bombardment. These materials are notoriously difficult to produce using additive manufacturing (AM) methods due to issues inherent to these techniques. The progress on applying AM techniques to W-based PFC applications is reviewed and the technical issues in selected manufacturing methods are discussed in this review. Specifically, we focus on the recent development and applications of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), electron beam melting (EBM), and direct energy deposition (DED) in W materials due to their abilities to preserve the properties of W as potential PFCs. Additionally, the existing literature on irradiation effects on W and W alloys is surveyed, with possible solutions to those issues therein addressed. Finally, the gaps in possible future research on additively manufactured W are identified and outlined.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2104 |
| Journal | Materials |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 2024 |
Funding
Research is sponsored by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle LLC. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan , accessed on 4 June 2023). Logan Howard would like to thank William Tanner Wood for his assistance with proofreading the manuscript and Matt Boyd for his assistance as well.
Keywords
- additive manufacturing (AM)
- direct energy deposition (DED)
- electron beam melting (EBM)
- irradiation effects
- laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
- tungsten (W)