Abstract
The stochastic nature of renewable energy sources (RESs) necessitates treating power system frequency response as a random process with a nonstationary probability density function (PDF). Based upon the stochastic distribution control theory originated by the second author, this paper proposes a novel stochastic controller to improve the frequency PDF in power grids when integrating a large amount of RESs, thereby minimizing the effects of uncertainties and enhancing overall system stability. The key idea is to manipulate the controllable power generation resources so that the frequency PDF is make to follow a target PDF by using the stochastic distribution control theory originated by the second author. The proposed method can easily be plugged into existing automatic generation controls for multi-area transmission grids. The proposed method is validated via a modified Kundar’s two area system and 240-bus Western Electricity Coordinating Council systems. The simulation results show that the proposed control shapes the frequency PDF narrower and sharper, leading to a notable improvement toward minimizing the effects of randomness and uncertainty during grid operation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3048-3063 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2025 |
Funding
The work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy (USDOE), in part by the Office of Electricity under the grant titled “Towards Robust Transmission Grid with Uncertainty-tolerant Controls” led by Dr Hong Wang who contributed the main idea of this paper in line with his stochastic distribution control theory [40], and in part by UT-Battelle LLC under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 through the US Department of Energy (DOE) . Paper no. TSTE-01607-2024.
Keywords
- Frequency
- probability density function
- stochastic distribution control
- uncertainties