Prediction of aluminum, uranium, and Co-contaminants precipitation and adsorption during titration of acidic sediments

Batch and column recirculation titration tests were performed with contaminated acidic sediments. A generic geochemical model was developed combining precipitation, cation exchange, and surface complexation reactions to describe the observed pH and metal ion concentrations in experiments with or without the presence of CO₂. Experimental results showed a slow pH increase due to strong buffering by Al hydrolysis and precipitation and CO ₂ uptake. The cation concentrations generally decreased at higher pH than those observed in previous tests without CO₂. Using amorphous Al(OH)₃ and basaluminite precipitation reactions and a cation exchange selectivity coefficient K_Na\Al of 0.3, the model approximately described the observed (1) pH titration curve, (2) Ca, Mg, and Mn concentration by cation exchange, and (3) U concentrations by surface complexation with Fe hydroxides at pH < 5 and with liebigite (Ca ₂UO₂(CO₃)₃·10H₂O) precipitation at pH > 5. The model indicated that the formation of aqueous carbonate complexes and competition with carbonate for surface sites could inhibit U and Ni adsorption and precipitation. Our results suggested that the uncertainty in basaluminite solubility is an important source of prediction uncertainty and ignoring labile solid phase Al underestimates the base requirement in titration of acidic sediments.