Precise ROCOF estimation algorithm for low inertia power grids

He Yin; Yuru Wu; Wei Qiu; Chujie Zeng; Shutang You; Jin Tan; Andy Hoke; Cameron J. Kruse; Brad W. Rockwell; Kelcie Ann Kawamura; Yilu Liu

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107968

Precise ROCOF estimation algorithm for low inertia power grids

He Yin, Yuru Wu, Wei Qiu, Chujie Zeng, Shutang You, Jin Tan, Andy Hoke, Cameron J. Kruse, Brad W. Rockwell, Kelcie Ann Kawamura, Yilu Liu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

The precise estimation of Rate Of Change Of Frequencies (ROCOFs) in a generation trip event can be helpful on power system inertia estimation, fast system response, and accurate event capturing. However, the ROCOF estimations from the existing Synchronized Measurement Devices (SMDs) are usually simply calculated by the finite difference between two adjacent frequency measurement points. The ineluctable noises, disturbances, and spikes from real-world frequency measurements can bring large dynamics to the ROCOF estimation and thus can result in an inaccurate estimation of the initial ROCOF. This issue becomes more serious when the target power grid has low inertia and a large amount of distributed energy sources are deployed. To address this issue, a precise ROCOF estimation algorithm is designed based on least square method with flexible window size. In addition, a median filter is also designed and applied on the frequency measurements before using the proposed algorithm. The window size and thresholds in the proposed algorithm are determined with historical event data analysis. The proposed algorithm is deployed in a low cost, flexible, and distribution level universal grid analyzer (UGA) platform. Multiple experiments are conducted in both a laboratory and the Hawaiian Islands to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Original language	English
Article number	107968
Journal	Electric Power Systems Research
Volume	209
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107968
State	Published - Aug 2022
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office Award Number 37772. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory , operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 . Funding provided by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office Award Number 37772. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.

Keywords

Event capturing
Frequency estimation
Low inertia power system
Rate of change of frequencies
Synchronized measurement devices

Access to Document

10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107968

Cite this

@article{a74aa21588c0430bb3ba2ef8177aa1af,

title = "Precise ROCOF estimation algorithm for low inertia power grids",

abstract = "The precise estimation of Rate Of Change Of Frequencies (ROCOFs) in a generation trip event can be helpful on power system inertia estimation, fast system response, and accurate event capturing. However, the ROCOF estimations from the existing Synchronized Measurement Devices (SMDs) are usually simply calculated by the finite difference between two adjacent frequency measurement points. The ineluctable noises, disturbances, and spikes from real-world frequency measurements can bring large dynamics to the ROCOF estimation and thus can result in an inaccurate estimation of the initial ROCOF. This issue becomes more serious when the target power grid has low inertia and a large amount of distributed energy sources are deployed. To address this issue, a precise ROCOF estimation algorithm is designed based on least square method with flexible window size. In addition, a median filter is also designed and applied on the frequency measurements before using the proposed algorithm. The window size and thresholds in the proposed algorithm are determined with historical event data analysis. The proposed algorithm is deployed in a low cost, flexible, and distribution level universal grid analyzer (UGA) platform. Multiple experiments are conducted in both a laboratory and the Hawaiian Islands to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.",

keywords = "Event capturing, Frequency estimation, Low inertia power system, Rate of change of frequencies, Synchronized measurement devices",

author = "He Yin and Yuru Wu and Wei Qiu and Chujie Zeng and Shutang You and Jin Tan and Andy Hoke and Kruse, \{Cameron J.\} and Rockwell, \{Brad W.\} and Kawamura, \{Kelcie Ann\} and Yilu Liu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107968",

language = "English",

volume = "209",

journal = "Electric Power Systems Research",

issn = "0378-7796",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Precise ROCOF estimation algorithm for low inertia power grids

AU - Yin, He

AU - Wu, Yuru

AU - Qiu, Wei

AU - Zeng, Chujie

AU - You, Shutang

AU - Tan, Jin

AU - Hoke, Andy

AU - Kruse, Cameron J.

AU - Rockwell, Brad W.

AU - Kawamura, Kelcie Ann

AU - Liu, Yilu

PY - 2022/8

Y1 - 2022/8

N2 - The precise estimation of Rate Of Change Of Frequencies (ROCOFs) in a generation trip event can be helpful on power system inertia estimation, fast system response, and accurate event capturing. However, the ROCOF estimations from the existing Synchronized Measurement Devices (SMDs) are usually simply calculated by the finite difference between two adjacent frequency measurement points. The ineluctable noises, disturbances, and spikes from real-world frequency measurements can bring large dynamics to the ROCOF estimation and thus can result in an inaccurate estimation of the initial ROCOF. This issue becomes more serious when the target power grid has low inertia and a large amount of distributed energy sources are deployed. To address this issue, a precise ROCOF estimation algorithm is designed based on least square method with flexible window size. In addition, a median filter is also designed and applied on the frequency measurements before using the proposed algorithm. The window size and thresholds in the proposed algorithm are determined with historical event data analysis. The proposed algorithm is deployed in a low cost, flexible, and distribution level universal grid analyzer (UGA) platform. Multiple experiments are conducted in both a laboratory and the Hawaiian Islands to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

AB - The precise estimation of Rate Of Change Of Frequencies (ROCOFs) in a generation trip event can be helpful on power system inertia estimation, fast system response, and accurate event capturing. However, the ROCOF estimations from the existing Synchronized Measurement Devices (SMDs) are usually simply calculated by the finite difference between two adjacent frequency measurement points. The ineluctable noises, disturbances, and spikes from real-world frequency measurements can bring large dynamics to the ROCOF estimation and thus can result in an inaccurate estimation of the initial ROCOF. This issue becomes more serious when the target power grid has low inertia and a large amount of distributed energy sources are deployed. To address this issue, a precise ROCOF estimation algorithm is designed based on least square method with flexible window size. In addition, a median filter is also designed and applied on the frequency measurements before using the proposed algorithm. The window size and thresholds in the proposed algorithm are determined with historical event data analysis. The proposed algorithm is deployed in a low cost, flexible, and distribution level universal grid analyzer (UGA) platform. Multiple experiments are conducted in both a laboratory and the Hawaiian Islands to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

KW - Event capturing

KW - Frequency estimation

KW - Low inertia power system

KW - Rate of change of frequencies

KW - Synchronized measurement devices

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85127125199

U2 - 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107968

DO - 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107968

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85127125199

SN - 0378-7796

VL - 209

JO - Electric Power Systems Research

JF - Electric Power Systems Research

M1 - 107968

ER -

Precise ROCOF estimation algorithm for low inertia power grids

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this