Porous artificial bone scaffold synthesized from a facile in situ hydroxyapatite coating and crosslinking reaction of crystalline nanocellulose

Chen Huang; Naijia Hao; Samarthya Bhagia; Mi Li; Xianzhi Meng; Yunqiao Pu; Qiang Yong; Arthur J. Ragauskas

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2018.09.008

Porous artificial bone scaffold synthesized from a facile in situ hydroxyapatite coating and crosslinking reaction of crystalline nanocellulose

Chen Huang, Naijia Hao, Samarthya Bhagia, Mi Li, Xianzhi Meng, Yunqiao Pu, Qiang Yong, Arthur J. Ragauskas

Biomaterials and Biomass Characterizatio

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34 Scopus citations

Abstract

Research into artificial bone scaffolds has increased substantially over the past decade as current solutions have significant limitations. Inspired by mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP) in natural bone, this study developed a facile in situ HAP coating on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) matrix followed by a crosslinking reaction. By changing the amount of CNCs added to a simulated body fluid (SBF), HAP content in the nanocomposite could be controlled between 0 and 40.1%, with a HAP coating thickness of ∼10 nm. Moreover, CNCs/HAP was crosslinked with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance its water stability and mechanical properties. FTIR and NMR analysis revealed that crosslinking happened via an esterification reaction between CNCs, HAP, PMVEMA, and PEG. Compression strength of the scaffolds showed a result as high as 41.8 MPa, almost 20 times of scaffold prepared by just mixing CNCs and HAP. Further investigations revealed that this scaffold was highly porous (as high as 91.0%) and lightweight (with a density between 60-70 mg/cm³). Interestingly, this composite showed good biocompatibility as it can stabilize BSA protein, suggesting a promising material as a bone scaffold.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	237-246
Number of pages	10
Journal	Materialia
Volume	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2018.09.008
State	Published - Dec 2018

Funding

CH and QY thank the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (PAPD) and the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University for supporting the work presented in this paper. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Nanjing Forestry University
UT-Battelle	DE-AC05-00OR22725
Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

Keywords

Bone scaffold
Cellulose nanocrystals
Crosslinking
Hydroxyapatite
Strong mechanical property

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10.1016/j.mtla.2018.09.008

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title = "Porous artificial bone scaffold synthesized from a facile in situ hydroxyapatite coating and crosslinking reaction of crystalline nanocellulose",

abstract = "Research into artificial bone scaffolds has increased substantially over the past decade as current solutions have significant limitations. Inspired by mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP) in natural bone, this study developed a facile in situ HAP coating on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) matrix followed by a crosslinking reaction. By changing the amount of CNCs added to a simulated body fluid (SBF), HAP content in the nanocomposite could be controlled between 0 and 40.1%, with a HAP coating thickness of ∼10 nm. Moreover, CNCs/HAP was crosslinked with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance its water stability and mechanical properties. FTIR and NMR analysis revealed that crosslinking happened via an esterification reaction between CNCs, HAP, PMVEMA, and PEG. Compression strength of the scaffolds showed a result as high as 41.8 MPa, almost 20 times of scaffold prepared by just mixing CNCs and HAP. Further investigations revealed that this scaffold was highly porous (as high as 91.0%) and lightweight (with a density between 60-70 mg/cm3). Interestingly, this composite showed good biocompatibility as it can stabilize BSA protein, suggesting a promising material as a bone scaffold.",

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author = "Chen Huang and Naijia Hao and Samarthya Bhagia and Mi Li and Xianzhi Meng and Yunqiao Pu and Qiang Yong and Ragauskas, {Arthur J.}",

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AU - Hao, Naijia

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AU - Li, Mi

AU - Meng, Xianzhi

AU - Pu, Yunqiao

AU - Yong, Qiang

AU - Ragauskas, Arthur J.

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AB - Research into artificial bone scaffolds has increased substantially over the past decade as current solutions have significant limitations. Inspired by mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP) in natural bone, this study developed a facile in situ HAP coating on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) matrix followed by a crosslinking reaction. By changing the amount of CNCs added to a simulated body fluid (SBF), HAP content in the nanocomposite could be controlled between 0 and 40.1%, with a HAP coating thickness of ∼10 nm. Moreover, CNCs/HAP was crosslinked with poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance its water stability and mechanical properties. FTIR and NMR analysis revealed that crosslinking happened via an esterification reaction between CNCs, HAP, PMVEMA, and PEG. Compression strength of the scaffolds showed a result as high as 41.8 MPa, almost 20 times of scaffold prepared by just mixing CNCs and HAP. Further investigations revealed that this scaffold was highly porous (as high as 91.0%) and lightweight (with a density between 60-70 mg/cm3). Interestingly, this composite showed good biocompatibility as it can stabilize BSA protein, suggesting a promising material as a bone scaffold.

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Porous artificial bone scaffold synthesized from a facile in situ hydroxyapatite coating and crosslinking reaction of crystalline nanocellulose

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