PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis

Wei Qiu; Liang Zhang; He Yin; Kaiqi Sun; Lawrence C. Markel; Dahan Liao; Zhi Li; Ben W. McConnell; Yilu Liu

doi:10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222

PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis

Wei Qiu, Liang Zhang, He Yin, Kaiqi Sun, Lawrence C. Markel, Dahan Liao, Zhi Li, Ben W. McConnell, Yilu Liu

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Studying and mitigating the vulnerabilities of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to electromagnetic pulse is important for the reliability of the power system. In this paper, an effective impedance measurement scheme is proposed to estimate the susceptibility of PLCs to an electromagnetic pulse. The equivalent non-uniform transmission line model is established to eliminate the impact of the fixture in the de-embedding process. Based on the measured impedance, the equivalent circuit is established to calculate the response of the device when subjected to the electromagnetic pulse. The voltage and current responses of different interfaces are compared utilizing the developed pulse Current Injection (CI) method. Finally, the impedance measurement scheme is verified through testing using three measuring instruments. and the CI simulation experiments reveal the characteristics and susceptibilities of different PLCs interfaces, indicating that some protection measures are required for the reliable operation of PLC.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9781728164014
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222
State	Published - 2021
Event	2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021 - Vancouver, Canada Duration: Oct 10 2021 → Oct 14 2021

Publication series

Name	Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society)
Volume	2021-October
ISSN (Print)	0197-2618

Conference

Conference	2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Vancouver
Period	10/10/21 → 10/14/21

Funding

This work is supported in part by the CURENT Industry Partnership Program.

Keywords

Electromagnetic pulse
Impedance measurement
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
Pulse Current Injection (CI)

Access to Document

10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222

Cite this

Qiu, W., Zhang, L., Yin, H., Sun, K., Markel, L. C., Liao, D., Li, Z., McConnell, B. W., & Liu, Y. (2021). PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis. In 2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021 (Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society); Vol. 2021-October). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222

@inproceedings{11db5ea73dbe48b4b39076dc4cdc9185,

title = "PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis",

abstract = "Studying and mitigating the vulnerabilities of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to electromagnetic pulse is important for the reliability of the power system. In this paper, an effective impedance measurement scheme is proposed to estimate the susceptibility of PLCs to an electromagnetic pulse. The equivalent non-uniform transmission line model is established to eliminate the impact of the fixture in the de-embedding process. Based on the measured impedance, the equivalent circuit is established to calculate the response of the device when subjected to the electromagnetic pulse. The voltage and current responses of different interfaces are compared utilizing the developed pulse Current Injection (CI) method. Finally, the impedance measurement scheme is verified through testing using three measuring instruments. and the CI simulation experiments reveal the characteristics and susceptibilities of different PLCs interfaces, indicating that some protection measures are required for the reliable operation of PLC.",

keywords = "Electromagnetic pulse, Impedance measurement, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Pulse Current Injection (CI)",

author = "Wei Qiu and Liang Zhang and He Yin and Kaiqi Sun and Markel, {Lawrence C.} and Dahan Liao and Zhi Li and McConnell, {Ben W.} and Yilu Liu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 IEEE.; 2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021 ; Conference date: 10-10-2021 Through 14-10-2021",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222",

language = "English",

series = "Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society)",

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booktitle = "2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021",

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Qiu, W, Zhang, L, Yin, H, Sun, K, Markel, LC, Liao, D, Li, Z, McConnell, BW & Liu, Y 2021, PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis. in 2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021. Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society), vol. 2021-October, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021, Vancouver, Canada, 10/10/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222

PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis. / Qiu, Wei; Zhang, Liang; Yin, He et al.
2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021. (Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society); Vol. 2021-October).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis

AU - Qiu, Wei

AU - Zhang, Liang

AU - Yin, He

AU - Sun, Kaiqi

AU - Markel, Lawrence C.

AU - Liao, Dahan

AU - Li, Zhi

AU - McConnell, Ben W.

AU - Liu, Yilu

PY - 2021

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N2 - Studying and mitigating the vulnerabilities of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to electromagnetic pulse is important for the reliability of the power system. In this paper, an effective impedance measurement scheme is proposed to estimate the susceptibility of PLCs to an electromagnetic pulse. The equivalent non-uniform transmission line model is established to eliminate the impact of the fixture in the de-embedding process. Based on the measured impedance, the equivalent circuit is established to calculate the response of the device when subjected to the electromagnetic pulse. The voltage and current responses of different interfaces are compared utilizing the developed pulse Current Injection (CI) method. Finally, the impedance measurement scheme is verified through testing using three measuring instruments. and the CI simulation experiments reveal the characteristics and susceptibilities of different PLCs interfaces, indicating that some protection measures are required for the reliable operation of PLC.

AB - Studying and mitigating the vulnerabilities of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to electromagnetic pulse is important for the reliability of the power system. In this paper, an effective impedance measurement scheme is proposed to estimate the susceptibility of PLCs to an electromagnetic pulse. The equivalent non-uniform transmission line model is established to eliminate the impact of the fixture in the de-embedding process. Based on the measured impedance, the equivalent circuit is established to calculate the response of the device when subjected to the electromagnetic pulse. The voltage and current responses of different interfaces are compared utilizing the developed pulse Current Injection (CI) method. Finally, the impedance measurement scheme is verified through testing using three measuring instruments. and the CI simulation experiments reveal the characteristics and susceptibilities of different PLCs interfaces, indicating that some protection measures are required for the reliable operation of PLC.

KW - Electromagnetic pulse

KW - Impedance measurement

KW - Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)

KW - Pulse Current Injection (CI)

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Qiu W, Zhang L, Yin H, Sun K, Markel LC, Liao D et al. PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis. In 2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2021. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2021. (Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society)). doi: 10.1109/IAS48185.2021.9677222

PLC-based Impedance Measurement and Current Injection Response Analysis

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