Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program

E. Marmar; A. Bader; M. Bakhtiari; H. Barnard; W. Beck; I. Bespamyatnov; A. Binus; P. Bonoli; B. Bose; M. Bitter; I. Cziegler; G. Dekow; A. Dominguez; B. Duval; E. Edlund; D. Ernst; M. Ferrara; C. Fiore; T. Fredian; A. Graf; R. Granetz; M. Greenwald; O. Grulke; D. Gwinn; S. Harrison; R. Harvey; T. C. Hender; J. Hosea; K. Hill; N. Howard; D. F. Howell; A. Hubbard; J. W. Hughes; I. Hutchinson; A. Ince-Cushman; J. Irby; V. Izzo; A. Kanojia; C. Kessel; J. S. Ko; P. Koert; B. Labombard; C. Lau; L. Lin; Y. Lin; B. Lipschultz; J. Liptac; Y. Ma; K. Marr; M. May; R. McDermott; O. Meneghini; D. Mikkelsen; R. Ochoukov; R. Parker; C. K. Phillips; P. Phillips; Y. Podpaly; M. Porkolab; M. Reinke; J. Rice; W. Rowan; S. Scott; A. Schmidt; J. Sears; S. Shiraiwa; A. Sips; N. Smick; J. Snipes; J. Stillerman; Y. Takase; D. Terry; J. Terry; N. Tsujii; E. Valeo; R. Vieira; G. Wallace; D. Whyte; J. R. Wilson; S. Wolfe; G. Wright; J. Wright; S. Wukitch; G. Wurden; P. Xu; K. Zhurovich; J. Zaks; S. Zweben

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014

Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program

E. Marmar, A. Bader, M. Bakhtiari, H. Barnard, W. Beck, I. Bespamyatnov, A. Binus, P. Bonoli, B. Bose, M. Bitter, I. Cziegler, G. Dekow, A. Dominguez, B. Duval, E. Edlund, D. Ernst, M. Ferrara, C. Fiore, T. Fredian, A. GrafR. Granetz, M. Greenwald, O. Grulke, D. Gwinn, S. Harrison, R. Harvey, T. C. Hender, J. Hosea, K. Hill, N. Howard, D. F. Howell, A. Hubbard, J. W. Hughes, I. Hutchinson, A. Ince-Cushman, J. Irby, V. Izzo, A. Kanojia, C. Kessel, J. S. Ko, P. Koert, B. Labombard, C. Lau, L. Lin, Y. Lin, B. Lipschultz, J. Liptac, Y. Ma, K. Marr, M. May, R. McDermott, O. Meneghini, D. Mikkelsen, R. Ochoukov, R. Parker, C. K. Phillips, P. Phillips, Y. Podpaly, M. Porkolab, M. Reinke, J. Rice, W. Rowan, S. Scott, A. Schmidt, J. Sears, S. Shiraiwa, A. Sips, N. Smick, J. Snipes, J. Stillerman, Y. Takase, D. Terry, J. Terry, N. Tsujii, E. Valeo, R. Vieira, G. Wallace, D. Whyte, J. R. Wilson, S. Wolfe, G. Wright, J. Wright, S. Wukitch, G. Wurden, P. Xu, K. Zhurovich, J. Zaks, S. Zweben

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

32 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper summarizes highlights of research results from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak covering the period 2006-2008. Active flow drive, using mode converted ion cyclotron waves, has been observed for the first time in a tokamak plasma, using a mix of D and ³He ion species; toroidal and poloidal flows are driven near the location of the mode conversion layer. ICRF induced edge sheaths are implicated in both the erosion of thin boron coatings and the generation of metallic impurities. Lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) microwaves have been used for efficient current drive, current profile modification and toroidal flow drive. In addition, LHRF has been used to modify the H-mode pedestal, increasing temperature, decreasing density and lowering the pedestal collisionality. Studies of hydrogen isotope retention in solid metallic plasma facing components reveal significantly higher retention than expected from ex situ laboratory studies; a model to explain the results, based on plasma/neutral induced lattice damage, has been developed and tested. During gas-puff mitigation of disruptions, induced MHD instabilities cause the magnetic field to become stochastic, resulting in reduction of halo currents, spreading of plasma power loading and loss of runaway electrons before they cause damage. Detailed pedestal rotation profile measurements have been used to infer E _r profiles, and correlation with global H-mode confinement. An improved L-mode regime, obtained at q₉₅ ≤ 3 with ion drift away from the active X-point, shows very good energy confinement with a strong temperature pedestal, a weak density pedestal, and no evidence of particle or impurity accumulation, without the need for ELMs or any additional edge density regulation mechanism.

Original language	English
Article number	104014
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	49
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014
State	Published - 2009
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council	EP/G003955/1

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014

Cite this

Marmar, E., Bader, A., Bakhtiari, M., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Binus, A., Bonoli, P., Bose, B., Bitter, M., Cziegler, I., Dekow, G., Dominguez, A., Duval, B., Edlund, E., Ernst, D., Ferrara, M., Fiore, C., Fredian, T., ... Zweben, S. (2009). Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program. Nuclear Fusion, 49(10), Article 104014. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014

@article{45620be5f0a94cd391ad88574458213c,

title = "Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program",

abstract = "This paper summarizes highlights of research results from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak covering the period 2006-2008. Active flow drive, using mode converted ion cyclotron waves, has been observed for the first time in a tokamak plasma, using a mix of D and 3He ion species; toroidal and poloidal flows are driven near the location of the mode conversion layer. ICRF induced edge sheaths are implicated in both the erosion of thin boron coatings and the generation of metallic impurities. Lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) microwaves have been used for efficient current drive, current profile modification and toroidal flow drive. In addition, LHRF has been used to modify the H-mode pedestal, increasing temperature, decreasing density and lowering the pedestal collisionality. Studies of hydrogen isotope retention in solid metallic plasma facing components reveal significantly higher retention than expected from ex situ laboratory studies; a model to explain the results, based on plasma/neutral induced lattice damage, has been developed and tested. During gas-puff mitigation of disruptions, induced MHD instabilities cause the magnetic field to become stochastic, resulting in reduction of halo currents, spreading of plasma power loading and loss of runaway electrons before they cause damage. Detailed pedestal rotation profile measurements have been used to infer E r profiles, and correlation with global H-mode confinement. An improved L-mode regime, obtained at q95 ≤ 3 with ion drift away from the active X-point, shows very good energy confinement with a strong temperature pedestal, a weak density pedestal, and no evidence of particle or impurity accumulation, without the need for ELMs or any additional edge density regulation mechanism.",

author = "E. Marmar and A. Bader and M. Bakhtiari and H. Barnard and W. Beck and I. Bespamyatnov and A. Binus and P. Bonoli and B. Bose and M. Bitter and I. Cziegler and G. Dekow and A. Dominguez and B. Duval and E. Edlund and D. Ernst and M. Ferrara and C. Fiore and T. Fredian and A. Graf and R. Granetz and M. Greenwald and O. Grulke and D. Gwinn and S. Harrison and R. Harvey and Hender, {T. C.} and J. Hosea and K. Hill and N. Howard and Howell, {D. F.} and A. Hubbard and Hughes, {J. W.} and I. Hutchinson and A. Ince-Cushman and J. Irby and V. Izzo and A. Kanojia and C. Kessel and Ko, {J. S.} and P. Koert and B. Labombard and C. Lau and L. Lin and Y. Lin and B. Lipschultz and J. Liptac and Y. Ma and K. Marr and M. May and R. McDermott and O. Meneghini and D. Mikkelsen and R. Ochoukov and R. Parker and Phillips, {C. K.} and P. Phillips and Y. Podpaly and M. Porkolab and M. Reinke and J. Rice and W. Rowan and S. Scott and A. Schmidt and J. Sears and S. Shiraiwa and A. Sips and N. Smick and J. Snipes and J. Stillerman and Y. Takase and D. Terry and J. Terry and N. Tsujii and E. Valeo and R. Vieira and G. Wallace and D. Whyte and Wilson, {J. R.} and S. Wolfe and G. Wright and J. Wright and S. Wukitch and G. Wurden and P. Xu and K. Zhurovich and J. Zaks and S. Zweben",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014",

language = "English",

volume = "49",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "10",

}

Marmar, E, Bader, A, Bakhtiari, M, Barnard, H, Beck, W, Bespamyatnov, I, Binus, A, Bonoli, P, Bose, B, Bitter, M, Cziegler, I, Dekow, G, Dominguez, A, Duval, B, Edlund, E, Ernst, D, Ferrara, M, Fiore, C, Fredian, T, Graf, A, Granetz, R, Greenwald, M, Grulke, O, Gwinn, D, Harrison, S, Harvey, R, Hender, TC, Hosea, J, Hill, K, Howard, N, Howell, DF, Hubbard, A, Hughes, JW, Hutchinson, I, Ince-Cushman, A, Irby, J, Izzo, V, Kanojia, A, Kessel, C, Ko, JS, Koert, P, Labombard, B, Lau, C, Lin, L, Lin, Y, Lipschultz, B, Liptac, J, Ma, Y, Marr, K, May, M, McDermott, R, Meneghini, O, Mikkelsen, D, Ochoukov, R, Parker, R, Phillips, CK, Phillips, P, Podpaly, Y, Porkolab, M, Reinke, M, Rice, J, Rowan, W, Scott, S, Schmidt, A, Sears, J, Shiraiwa, S, Sips, A, Smick, N, Snipes, J, Stillerman, J, Takase, Y, Terry, D, Terry, J, Tsujii, N, Valeo, E, Vieira, R, Wallace, G, Whyte, D, Wilson, JR, Wolfe, S, Wright, G, Wright, J, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xu, P, Zhurovich, K, Zaks, J & Zweben, S 2009, 'Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 49, no. 10, 104014. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014

TY - JOUR

T1 - Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program

AU - Marmar, E.

AU - Bader, A.

AU - Bakhtiari, M.

AU - Barnard, H.

AU - Beck, W.

AU - Bespamyatnov, I.

AU - Binus, A.

AU - Bonoli, P.

AU - Bose, B.

AU - Bitter, M.

AU - Cziegler, I.

AU - Dekow, G.

AU - Dominguez, A.

AU - Duval, B.

AU - Edlund, E.

AU - Ernst, D.

AU - Ferrara, M.

AU - Fiore, C.

AU - Fredian, T.

AU - Graf, A.

AU - Granetz, R.

AU - Greenwald, M.

AU - Grulke, O.

AU - Gwinn, D.

AU - Harrison, S.

AU - Harvey, R.

AU - Hender, T. C.

AU - Hosea, J.

AU - Hill, K.

AU - Howard, N.

AU - Howell, D. F.

AU - Hubbard, A.

AU - Hughes, J. W.

AU - Hutchinson, I.

AU - Ince-Cushman, A.

AU - Irby, J.

AU - Izzo, V.

AU - Kanojia, A.

AU - Kessel, C.

AU - Ko, J. S.

AU - Koert, P.

AU - Labombard, B.

AU - Lau, C.

AU - Lin, L.

AU - Lin, Y.

AU - Lipschultz, B.

AU - Liptac, J.

AU - Ma, Y.

AU - Marr, K.

AU - May, M.

AU - McDermott, R.

AU - Meneghini, O.

AU - Mikkelsen, D.

AU - Ochoukov, R.

AU - Parker, R.

AU - Phillips, C. K.

AU - Phillips, P.

AU - Podpaly, Y.

AU - Porkolab, M.

AU - Reinke, M.

AU - Rice, J.

AU - Rowan, W.

AU - Scott, S.

AU - Schmidt, A.

AU - Sears, J.

AU - Shiraiwa, S.

AU - Sips, A.

AU - Smick, N.

AU - Snipes, J.

AU - Stillerman, J.

AU - Takase, Y.

AU - Terry, D.

AU - Terry, J.

AU - Tsujii, N.

AU - Valeo, E.

AU - Vieira, R.

AU - Wallace, G.

AU - Whyte, D.

AU - Wilson, J. R.

AU - Wolfe, S.

AU - Wright, G.

AU - Wright, J.

AU - Wukitch, S.

AU - Wurden, G.

AU - Xu, P.

AU - Zhurovich, K.

AU - Zaks, J.

AU - Zweben, S.

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - This paper summarizes highlights of research results from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak covering the period 2006-2008. Active flow drive, using mode converted ion cyclotron waves, has been observed for the first time in a tokamak plasma, using a mix of D and 3He ion species; toroidal and poloidal flows are driven near the location of the mode conversion layer. ICRF induced edge sheaths are implicated in both the erosion of thin boron coatings and the generation of metallic impurities. Lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) microwaves have been used for efficient current drive, current profile modification and toroidal flow drive. In addition, LHRF has been used to modify the H-mode pedestal, increasing temperature, decreasing density and lowering the pedestal collisionality. Studies of hydrogen isotope retention in solid metallic plasma facing components reveal significantly higher retention than expected from ex situ laboratory studies; a model to explain the results, based on plasma/neutral induced lattice damage, has been developed and tested. During gas-puff mitigation of disruptions, induced MHD instabilities cause the magnetic field to become stochastic, resulting in reduction of halo currents, spreading of plasma power loading and loss of runaway electrons before they cause damage. Detailed pedestal rotation profile measurements have been used to infer E r profiles, and correlation with global H-mode confinement. An improved L-mode regime, obtained at q95 ≤ 3 with ion drift away from the active X-point, shows very good energy confinement with a strong temperature pedestal, a weak density pedestal, and no evidence of particle or impurity accumulation, without the need for ELMs or any additional edge density regulation mechanism.

AB - This paper summarizes highlights of research results from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak covering the period 2006-2008. Active flow drive, using mode converted ion cyclotron waves, has been observed for the first time in a tokamak plasma, using a mix of D and 3He ion species; toroidal and poloidal flows are driven near the location of the mode conversion layer. ICRF induced edge sheaths are implicated in both the erosion of thin boron coatings and the generation of metallic impurities. Lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) microwaves have been used for efficient current drive, current profile modification and toroidal flow drive. In addition, LHRF has been used to modify the H-mode pedestal, increasing temperature, decreasing density and lowering the pedestal collisionality. Studies of hydrogen isotope retention in solid metallic plasma facing components reveal significantly higher retention than expected from ex situ laboratory studies; a model to explain the results, based on plasma/neutral induced lattice damage, has been developed and tested. During gas-puff mitigation of disruptions, induced MHD instabilities cause the magnetic field to become stochastic, resulting in reduction of halo currents, spreading of plasma power loading and loss of runaway electrons before they cause damage. Detailed pedestal rotation profile measurements have been used to infer E r profiles, and correlation with global H-mode confinement. An improved L-mode regime, obtained at q95 ≤ 3 with ion drift away from the active X-point, shows very good energy confinement with a strong temperature pedestal, a weak density pedestal, and no evidence of particle or impurity accumulation, without the need for ELMs or any additional edge density regulation mechanism.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70349115635&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014

DO - 10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104014

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:70349115635

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 49

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 10

M1 - 104014

ER -

Overview of the alcator C-Mod research program

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