Overview of physics results from MAST

H. Meyer; R. J. Akers; F. Alladio; L. C. Appel; K. B. Axon; N. Ben Ayed; P. Boerner; R. J. Buttery; P. G. Carolan; D. Ciric; C. D. Challis; I. T. Chapman; G. Coyler; J. W. Connor; N. J. Conway; S. Cowley; M. Cox; G. F. Counsell; G. Cunningham; A. Darke; M. Debock; G. Detemmerman; R. O. Dendy; J. Dowling; A. Yu Dnestrovskij; Yu N. Dnestrovskij; B. Dudson; D. Dunai; M. Dunstan; A. R. Field; A. Foster; L. Garzotti; K. Gibson; M. P. Gryaznevich; W. Guttenfelder; N. C. Hawkes; J. Harrison; P. Helander; T. C. Hender; B. Hnat; M. J. Hole; D. F. Howell; M. Duc Hua; A. Hubbard; M. Istenic; N. Joiner; D. Keeling; A. Kirk; H. R. Koslowski; Y. Liang; M. Lilley; S. Lisgo; B. Lloyd; G. P. Maddison; R. Maingi; A. Mancuso; S. J. Manhood; R. Martin; G. J. McArdle; J. McCone; C. Michael; P. Micozzi; T. Morgan; A. W. Morris; D. G. Muir; E. Nardon; G. Naylor; M. R. O'Brien; T. O'Gorman; A. Patel; S. D. Pinches; J. Preinhaelter; M. N. Price; E. Rachlew; D. Reiter; C. M. Roach; V. Rozhansky; S. Saarelma; A. Saveliev; R. Scannell; S. E. Sharapov; V. Shevchenko; S. Shibaev; H. Smith; G. E. Staebler; D. Stork; J. Storrs; A. Sykes; S. Tallents; P. Tamain; D. Taylor; D. Temple; N. Thomas-Davies; A. Thornton; A. Thyagaraja; M. R. Turnyanskiy; J. Urban; M. Valovic; R. G.L. Vann; F. Volpe; G. Voss; M. J. Walsh; S. E.V. Warder; R. Watkins; H. R. Wilson; M. Windridge; M. Wisse; A. Zabolotski; S. Zoletnik; O. Zolotukhin

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017

Overview of physics results from MAST

H. Meyer, R. J. Akers, F. Alladio, L. C. Appel, K. B. Axon, N. Ben Ayed, P. Boerner, R. J. Buttery, P. G. Carolan, D. Ciric, C. D. Challis, I. T. Chapman, G. Coyler, J. W. Connor, N. J. Conway, S. Cowley, M. Cox, G. F. Counsell, G. Cunningham, A. DarkeM. Debock, G. Detemmerman, R. O. Dendy, J. Dowling, A. Yu Dnestrovskij, Yu N. Dnestrovskij, B. Dudson, D. Dunai, M. Dunstan, A. R. Field, A. Foster, L. Garzotti, K. Gibson, M. P. Gryaznevich, W. Guttenfelder, N. C. Hawkes, J. Harrison, P. Helander, T. C. Hender, B. Hnat, M. J. Hole, D. F. Howell, M. Duc Hua, A. Hubbard, M. Istenic, N. Joiner, D. Keeling, A. Kirk, H. R. Koslowski, Y. Liang, M. Lilley, S. Lisgo, B. Lloyd, G. P. Maddison, R. Maingi, A. Mancuso, S. J. Manhood, R. Martin, G. J. McArdle, J. McCone, C. Michael, P. Micozzi, T. Morgan, A. W. Morris, D. G. Muir, E. Nardon, G. Naylor, M. R. O'Brien, T. O'Gorman, A. Patel, S. D. Pinches, J. Preinhaelter, M. N. Price, E. Rachlew, D. Reiter, C. M. Roach, V. Rozhansky, S. Saarelma, A. Saveliev, R. Scannell, S. E. Sharapov, V. Shevchenko, S. Shibaev, H. Smith, G. E. Staebler, D. Stork, J. Storrs, A. Sykes, S. Tallents, P. Tamain, D. Taylor, D. Temple, N. Thomas-Davies, A. Thornton, A. Thyagaraja, M. R. Turnyanskiy, J. Urban, M. Valovic, R. G.L. Vann, F. Volpe, G. Voss, M. J. Walsh, S. E.V. Warder, R. Watkins, H. R. Wilson, M. Windridge, M. Wisse, A. Zabolotski, S. Zoletnik, O. Zolotukhin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

42 Scopus citations

Abstract

Several improvements to the MAST plant and diagnostics have facilitated new studies advancing the physics basis for ITER and DEMO, as well as for future spherical tokamaks (STs). Using the increased heating capabilities P _NBI ≤ 3.8 MW H-mode at I_p = 1.2 MA was accessed showing that the energy confinement on MAST scales more weakly with I_p and more strongly with B_t than in the ITER IPB98(y, 2) scaling. Measurements of the fuel retention of shallow pellets extrapolate to an ITER particle throughput of 70% of its original designed total throughput capacity. The anomalous momentum diffusion, χ_φ, is linked to the ion diffusion, χ_i, with a Prandtl number close to P_φ ≈ χ_φ/χ_i ≈ 1, although χ_i approaches neoclassical values. New high spatial resolution measurements of the edge radial electric field, E_r, show that the position of steepest gradients in electron pressure and E_r (i.e. shearing rate) are coincident, but their magnitudes are not linked. The T_e pedestal width on MAST scales with √β_pol^ped rather than ρ_pol. The edge localized mode (ELM) frequency for type-IV ELMs, new in MAST, was almost doubled using n = 2 resonant magnetic perturbations from a set of four external coils (n = 1, 2). A new internal 12 coil set (n ≤ 3) has been commissioned. The filaments in the inter-ELM and L-mode phase are different from ELM filaments, and the characteristics in L-mode agree well with turbulence calculations. A variety of fast particle driven instabilities were studied from 10 kHz saturated fishbone like activity up to 3.8 MHz compressional Alfvén eigenmodes. Fast particle instabilities also affect the off-axis NBI current drive, leading to fast ion diffusion of the order of 0.5 m ² s^-1 and a reduction in the driven current fraction from 40% to 30%. EBW current drive start-up is demonstrated for the first time in a ST generating plasma currents up to 55 kA. Many of these studies contributed to the physics basis of a planned upgrade to MAST.

Original language	English
Article number	104017
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	49
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017
State	Published - 2009
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Funders	Funder number
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council	EP/E034438/1, EP/D062837/1, EP/H02395X/1, EP/G003955/1, EP/I501045/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council	ST/F00205X/1

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017

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Meyer, H., Akers, R. J., Alladio, F., Appel, L. C., Axon, K. B., Ayed, N. B., Boerner, P., Buttery, R. J., Carolan, P. G., Ciric, D., Challis, C. D., Chapman, I. T., Coyler, G., Connor, J. W., Conway, N. J., Cowley, S., Cox, M., Counsell, G. F., Cunningham, G., ... Zolotukhin, O. (2009). Overview of physics results from MAST. Nuclear Fusion, 49(10), Article 104017. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017

@article{d84a13b9af084854a6450f60dfe2d896,

title = "Overview of physics results from MAST",

abstract = "Several improvements to the MAST plant and diagnostics have facilitated new studies advancing the physics basis for ITER and DEMO, as well as for future spherical tokamaks (STs). Using the increased heating capabilities P NBI ≤ 3.8 MW H-mode at Ip = 1.2 MA was accessed showing that the energy confinement on MAST scales more weakly with Ip and more strongly with Bt than in the ITER IPB98(y, 2) scaling. Measurements of the fuel retention of shallow pellets extrapolate to an ITER particle throughput of 70% of its original designed total throughput capacity. The anomalous momentum diffusion, χφ, is linked to the ion diffusion, χi, with a Prandtl number close to Pφ ≈ χφ/χi ≈ 1, although χi approaches neoclassical values. New high spatial resolution measurements of the edge radial electric field, Er, show that the position of steepest gradients in electron pressure and Er (i.e. shearing rate) are coincident, but their magnitudes are not linked. The Te pedestal width on MAST scales with √βpolped rather than ρpol. The edge localized mode (ELM) frequency for type-IV ELMs, new in MAST, was almost doubled using n = 2 resonant magnetic perturbations from a set of four external coils (n = 1, 2). A new internal 12 coil set (n ≤ 3) has been commissioned. The filaments in the inter-ELM and L-mode phase are different from ELM filaments, and the characteristics in L-mode agree well with turbulence calculations. A variety of fast particle driven instabilities were studied from 10 kHz saturated fishbone like activity up to 3.8 MHz compressional Alfv{\'e}n eigenmodes. Fast particle instabilities also affect the off-axis NBI current drive, leading to fast ion diffusion of the order of 0.5 m 2 s-1 and a reduction in the driven current fraction from 40% to 30%. EBW current drive start-up is demonstrated for the first time in a ST generating plasma currents up to 55 kA. Many of these studies contributed to the physics basis of a planned upgrade to MAST.",

author = "H. Meyer and Akers, {R. J.} and F. Alladio and Appel, {L. C.} and Axon, {K. B.} and Ayed, {N. Ben} and P. Boerner and Buttery, {R. J.} and Carolan, {P. G.} and D. Ciric and Challis, {C. D.} and Chapman, {I. T.} and G. Coyler and Connor, {J. W.} and Conway, {N. J.} and S. Cowley and M. Cox and Counsell, {G. F.} and G. Cunningham and A. Darke and M. Debock and G. Detemmerman and Dendy, {R. O.} and J. Dowling and Dnestrovskij, {A. Yu} and Dnestrovskij, {Yu N.} and B. Dudson and D. Dunai and M. Dunstan and Field, {A. R.} and A. Foster and L. Garzotti and K. Gibson and Gryaznevich, {M. P.} and W. Guttenfelder and Hawkes, {N. C.} and J. Harrison and P. Helander and Hender, {T. C.} and B. Hnat and Hole, {M. J.} and Howell, {D. F.} and Hua, {M. Duc} and A. Hubbard and M. Istenic and N. Joiner and D. Keeling and A. Kirk and Koslowski, {H. R.} and Y. Liang and M. Lilley and S. Lisgo and B. Lloyd and Maddison, {G. P.} and R. Maingi and A. Mancuso and Manhood, {S. J.} and R. Martin and McArdle, {G. J.} and J. McCone and C. Michael and P. Micozzi and T. Morgan and Morris, {A. W.} and Muir, {D. G.} and E. Nardon and G. Naylor and O'Brien, {M. R.} and T. O'Gorman and A. Patel and Pinches, {S. D.} and J. Preinhaelter and Price, {M. N.} and E. Rachlew and D. Reiter and Roach, {C. M.} and V. Rozhansky and S. Saarelma and A. Saveliev and R. Scannell and Sharapov, {S. E.} and V. Shevchenko and S. Shibaev and H. Smith and Staebler, {G. E.} and D. Stork and J. Storrs and A. Sykes and S. Tallents and P. Tamain and D. Taylor and D. Temple and N. Thomas-Davies and A. Thornton and A. Thyagaraja and Turnyanskiy, {M. R.} and J. Urban and M. Valovic and Vann, {R. G.L.} and F. Volpe and G. Voss and Walsh, {M. J.} and Warder, {S. E.V.} and R. Watkins and Wilson, {H. R.} and M. Windridge and M. Wisse and A. Zabolotski and S. Zoletnik and O. Zolotukhin",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017",

language = "English",

volume = "49",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "10",

}

Meyer, H, Akers, RJ, Alladio, F, Appel, LC, Axon, KB, Ayed, NB, Boerner, P, Buttery, RJ, Carolan, PG, Ciric, D, Challis, CD, Chapman, IT, Coyler, G, Connor, JW, Conway, NJ, Cowley, S, Cox, M, Counsell, GF, Cunningham, G, Darke, A, Debock, M, Detemmerman, G, Dendy, RO, Dowling, J, Dnestrovskij, AY, Dnestrovskij, YN, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Dunstan, M, Field, AR, Foster, A, Garzotti, L, Gibson, K, Gryaznevich, MP, Guttenfelder, W, Hawkes, NC, Harrison, J, Helander, P, Hender, TC, Hnat, B, Hole, MJ, Howell, DF, Hua, MD, Hubbard, A, Istenic, M, Joiner, N, Keeling, D, Kirk, A, Koslowski, HR, Liang, Y, Lilley, M, Lisgo, S, Lloyd, B, Maddison, GP, Maingi, R, Mancuso, A, Manhood, SJ, Martin, R, McArdle, GJ, McCone, J, Michael, C, Micozzi, P, Morgan, T, Morris, AW, Muir, DG, Nardon, E, Naylor, G, O'Brien, MR, O'Gorman, T, Patel, A, Pinches, SD, Preinhaelter, J, Price, MN, Rachlew, E, Reiter, D, Roach, CM, Rozhansky, V, Saarelma, S, Saveliev, A, Scannell, R, Sharapov, SE, Shevchenko, V, Shibaev, S, Smith, H, Staebler, GE, Stork, D, Storrs, J, Sykes, A, Tallents, S, Tamain, P, Taylor, D, Temple, D, Thomas-Davies, N, Thornton, A, Thyagaraja, A, Turnyanskiy, MR, Urban, J, Valovic, M, Vann, RGL, Volpe, F, Voss, G, Walsh, MJ, Warder, SEV, Watkins, R, Wilson, HR, Windridge, M, Wisse, M, Zabolotski, A, Zoletnik, S & Zolotukhin, O 2009, 'Overview of physics results from MAST', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 49, no. 10, 104017. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017

TY - JOUR

T1 - Overview of physics results from MAST

AU - Meyer, H.

AU - Akers, R. J.

AU - Alladio, F.

AU - Appel, L. C.

AU - Axon, K. B.

AU - Ayed, N. Ben

AU - Boerner, P.

AU - Buttery, R. J.

AU - Carolan, P. G.

AU - Ciric, D.

AU - Challis, C. D.

AU - Chapman, I. T.

AU - Coyler, G.

AU - Connor, J. W.

AU - Conway, N. J.

AU - Cowley, S.

AU - Cox, M.

AU - Counsell, G. F.

AU - Cunningham, G.

AU - Darke, A.

AU - Debock, M.

AU - Detemmerman, G.

AU - Dendy, R. O.

AU - Dowling, J.

AU - Dnestrovskij, A. Yu

AU - Dnestrovskij, Yu N.

AU - Dudson, B.

AU - Dunai, D.

AU - Dunstan, M.

AU - Field, A. R.

AU - Foster, A.

AU - Garzotti, L.

AU - Gibson, K.

AU - Gryaznevich, M. P.

AU - Guttenfelder, W.

AU - Hawkes, N. C.

AU - Harrison, J.

AU - Helander, P.

AU - Hender, T. C.

AU - Hnat, B.

AU - Hole, M. J.

AU - Howell, D. F.

AU - Hua, M. Duc

AU - Hubbard, A.

AU - Istenic, M.

AU - Joiner, N.

AU - Keeling, D.

AU - Kirk, A.

AU - Koslowski, H. R.

AU - Liang, Y.

AU - Lilley, M.

AU - Lisgo, S.

AU - Lloyd, B.

AU - Maddison, G. P.

AU - Maingi, R.

AU - Mancuso, A.

AU - Manhood, S. J.

AU - Martin, R.

AU - McArdle, G. J.

AU - McCone, J.

AU - Michael, C.

AU - Micozzi, P.

AU - Morgan, T.

AU - Morris, A. W.

AU - Muir, D. G.

AU - Nardon, E.

AU - Naylor, G.

AU - O'Brien, M. R.

AU - O'Gorman, T.

AU - Patel, A.

AU - Pinches, S. D.

AU - Preinhaelter, J.

AU - Price, M. N.

AU - Rachlew, E.

AU - Reiter, D.

AU - Roach, C. M.

AU - Rozhansky, V.

AU - Saarelma, S.

AU - Saveliev, A.

AU - Scannell, R.

AU - Sharapov, S. E.

AU - Shevchenko, V.

AU - Shibaev, S.

AU - Smith, H.

AU - Staebler, G. E.

AU - Stork, D.

AU - Storrs, J.

AU - Sykes, A.

AU - Tallents, S.

AU - Tamain, P.

AU - Taylor, D.

AU - Temple, D.

AU - Thomas-Davies, N.

AU - Thornton, A.

AU - Thyagaraja, A.

AU - Turnyanskiy, M. R.

AU - Urban, J.

AU - Valovic, M.

AU - Vann, R. G.L.

AU - Volpe, F.

AU - Voss, G.

AU - Walsh, M. J.

AU - Warder, S. E.V.

AU - Watkins, R.

AU - Wilson, H. R.

AU - Windridge, M.

AU - Wisse, M.

AU - Zabolotski, A.

AU - Zoletnik, S.

AU - Zolotukhin, O.

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - Several improvements to the MAST plant and diagnostics have facilitated new studies advancing the physics basis for ITER and DEMO, as well as for future spherical tokamaks (STs). Using the increased heating capabilities P NBI ≤ 3.8 MW H-mode at Ip = 1.2 MA was accessed showing that the energy confinement on MAST scales more weakly with Ip and more strongly with Bt than in the ITER IPB98(y, 2) scaling. Measurements of the fuel retention of shallow pellets extrapolate to an ITER particle throughput of 70% of its original designed total throughput capacity. The anomalous momentum diffusion, χφ, is linked to the ion diffusion, χi, with a Prandtl number close to Pφ ≈ χφ/χi ≈ 1, although χi approaches neoclassical values. New high spatial resolution measurements of the edge radial electric field, Er, show that the position of steepest gradients in electron pressure and Er (i.e. shearing rate) are coincident, but their magnitudes are not linked. The Te pedestal width on MAST scales with √βpolped rather than ρpol. The edge localized mode (ELM) frequency for type-IV ELMs, new in MAST, was almost doubled using n = 2 resonant magnetic perturbations from a set of four external coils (n = 1, 2). A new internal 12 coil set (n ≤ 3) has been commissioned. The filaments in the inter-ELM and L-mode phase are different from ELM filaments, and the characteristics in L-mode agree well with turbulence calculations. A variety of fast particle driven instabilities were studied from 10 kHz saturated fishbone like activity up to 3.8 MHz compressional Alfvén eigenmodes. Fast particle instabilities also affect the off-axis NBI current drive, leading to fast ion diffusion of the order of 0.5 m 2 s-1 and a reduction in the driven current fraction from 40% to 30%. EBW current drive start-up is demonstrated for the first time in a ST generating plasma currents up to 55 kA. Many of these studies contributed to the physics basis of a planned upgrade to MAST.

AB - Several improvements to the MAST plant and diagnostics have facilitated new studies advancing the physics basis for ITER and DEMO, as well as for future spherical tokamaks (STs). Using the increased heating capabilities P NBI ≤ 3.8 MW H-mode at Ip = 1.2 MA was accessed showing that the energy confinement on MAST scales more weakly with Ip and more strongly with Bt than in the ITER IPB98(y, 2) scaling. Measurements of the fuel retention of shallow pellets extrapolate to an ITER particle throughput of 70% of its original designed total throughput capacity. The anomalous momentum diffusion, χφ, is linked to the ion diffusion, χi, with a Prandtl number close to Pφ ≈ χφ/χi ≈ 1, although χi approaches neoclassical values. New high spatial resolution measurements of the edge radial electric field, Er, show that the position of steepest gradients in electron pressure and Er (i.e. shearing rate) are coincident, but their magnitudes are not linked. The Te pedestal width on MAST scales with √βpolped rather than ρpol. The edge localized mode (ELM) frequency for type-IV ELMs, new in MAST, was almost doubled using n = 2 resonant magnetic perturbations from a set of four external coils (n = 1, 2). A new internal 12 coil set (n ≤ 3) has been commissioned. The filaments in the inter-ELM and L-mode phase are different from ELM filaments, and the characteristics in L-mode agree well with turbulence calculations. A variety of fast particle driven instabilities were studied from 10 kHz saturated fishbone like activity up to 3.8 MHz compressional Alfvén eigenmodes. Fast particle instabilities also affect the off-axis NBI current drive, leading to fast ion diffusion of the order of 0.5 m 2 s-1 and a reduction in the driven current fraction from 40% to 30%. EBW current drive start-up is demonstrated for the first time in a ST generating plasma currents up to 55 kA. Many of these studies contributed to the physics basis of a planned upgrade to MAST.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70349152650&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017

DO - 10.1088/0029-5515/49/10/104017

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:70349152650

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 49

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 10

M1 - 104017

ER -

Overview of physics results from MAST

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