Options for low-global-warming-potential and natural refrigerants- Performance for heat pump application and analysis of systemic irreversibilities

There is growing interest in substituting existing refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, including naturally occurring fluids, to reduce the impact of human activities on climate change. In this study we have evaluated prospective low-GWP refrigerants in four distinct heat pump cycles using the First and Second laws of thermodynamics. The essence of the study is to establish the performance of the low-GWP refrigerants when deployed in a heat pump system. Exergy analysis provides a true measure of lost work, or systemic inefficiencies, vividly quantifying areas of improvement and identifying the preferred cycle for a refrigerant. The combined knowledge of the properties of the phase boundary on either side of the critical point (DOI:10.1.18462/iir.icr.2019.442), and exergy analysis of prospective cycles is necessary for a better perspective on discriminating among refrigerants as hydrochlorofluorocarbons are phased out and replacement refrigerants must be found.