Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs

K. Herner; J. Annis; D. Brout; M. Soares-Santos; R. Kessler; M. Sako; R. Butler; Z. Doctor; A. Palmese; S. Allam; D. L. Tucker; F. Sobreira; B. Yanny; H. T. Diehl; J. Frieman; N. Glaeser; A. Garcia; N. F. Sherman; K. Bechtol; E. Berger; H. Y. Chen; C. J. Conselice; E. Cook; P. S. Cowperthwaite; T. M. Davis; A. Drlica-Wagner; B. Farr; D. Finley; R. J. Foley; J. Garcia-Bellido; M. S.S. Gill; R. A. Gruendl; D. E. Holz; N. Kuropatkin; H. Lin; J. Marriner; J. L. Marshall; T. Matheson; E. Neilsen; F. Paz-Chinchón; M. Sauseda; D. Scolnic; P. K.G. Williams; S. Avila; E. Bertin; E. Buckley-Geer; D. L. Burke; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco-Kind; J. Carretero; L. N. da Costa; J. De Vicente; S. Desai; P. Doel; T. F. Eifler; S. Everett; P. Fosalba; E. Gaztanaga; D. W. Gerdes; J. Gschwend; G. Gutierrez; W. G. Hartley; D. L. Hollowood; K. Honscheid; D. J. James; E. Krause; K. Kuehn; O. Lahav; T. S. Li; M. Lima; M. A.G. Maia; M. March; F. Menanteau; R. Miquel; A. A. Plazas; E. Sanchez; V. Scarpine; M. Schubnell; S. Serrano; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; M. Smith; E. Suchyta; G. Tarle; W. Wester; Y. Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425

Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs

K. Herner, J. Annis, D. Brout, M. Soares-Santos, R. Kessler, M. Sako, R. Butler, Z. Doctor, A. Palmese, S. Allam, D. L. Tucker, F. Sobreira, B. Yanny, H. T. Diehl, J. Frieman, N. Glaeser, A. Garcia, N. F. Sherman, K. Bechtol, E. BergerH. Y. Chen, C. J. Conselice, E. Cook, P. S. Cowperthwaite, T. M. Davis, A. Drlica-Wagner, B. Farr, D. Finley, R. J. Foley, J. Garcia-Bellido, M. S.S. Gill, R. A. Gruendl, D. E. Holz, N. Kuropatkin, H. Lin, J. Marriner, J. L. Marshall, T. Matheson, E. Neilsen, F. Paz-Chinchón, M. Sauseda, D. Scolnic, P. K.G. Williams, S. Avila, E. Bertin, E. Buckley-Geer, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco-Kind, J. Carretero, L. N. da Costa, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, P. Doel, T. F. Eifler, S. Everett, P. Fosalba, E. Gaztanaga, D. W. Gerdes, J. Gschwend, G. Gutierrez, W. G. Hartley, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, D. J. James, E. Krause, K. Kuehn, O. Lahav, T. S. Li, M. Lima, M. A.G. Maia, M. March, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, A. A. Plazas, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, M. Schubnell, S. Serrano, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, W. Wester, Y. Zhang

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Abstract

Gravitational wave (GW) events detectable by LIGO and Virgo have several possible progenitors, including black hole mergers, neutron star mergers, black hole–neutron star mergers, supernovae, and cosmic string cusps. A subset of GW events is expected to produce electromagnetic (EM) emission that, once detected, will provide complementary information about their astrophysical context. To that end, the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sends GW candidate alerts to the astronomical community so that searches for their EM counterparts can be pursued. The DESGW group, consisting of members of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the LVC, and other members of the astronomical community, uses the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to perform a search and discovery program for optical signatures of LVC GW events. DESGW aims to use a sample of GW events as standard sirens for cosmology. Due to the short decay timescale of the expected EM counterparts and the need to quickly eliminate survey areas with no counterpart candidates, it is critical to complete the initial analysis of each night's images as quickly as possible. We discuss our search area determination, imaging pipeline, and candidate selection processes. We review results from the DESGW program during the first two LIGO–Virgo observing campaigns and introduce other science applications that our pipeline enables.

Original language	English
Article number	100425
Journal	Astronomy and Computing
Volume	33
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425
State	Published - Oct 2020

Funding

This research uses services or data provided by the NOAO Science Archive. NOAO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the DOE and NSF, MEC/MICINN/MINECO (Spain), STFC, HEFCE, NCSA (UIUC), KICP (U. Chicago), CCAPP (Ohio State), MIFPA (Texas A&M), CNPQ, FAPERJ, FINEP, DFG and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne Lab, UC Santa Cruz, University of Cambridge, CIEMAT-Madrid, University of Chicago, University College London, DES-Brazil Consortium, University of Edinburgh, ETH Z?rich, Fermilab, University of Illinois, ICE (IEEC-CSIC), IFAE Barcelona, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LMU M?nchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, University of Michigan, NOAO, University of Nottingham, Ohio State University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Lab, Stanford University, University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES Data Management System is supported by the NSF under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-88861, FPA2015-68048, and Centro de ExcelenciaSEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597 and MDM-2015-0509. Research leading to these results has received funding from the ERC under the EU's 7th Framework Programme including grants ERC 240672, 291329 and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020. This research uses services or data provided by the NOAO Science Archive. NOAO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the DOE and NSF , MEC/MICINN/MINECO (Spain) , STFC , HEFCE , NCSA (UIUC) , KICP (U. Chicago) , CCAPP (Ohio State) , MIFPA (Texas A&M) , CNPQ , FAPERJ , FINEP , DFG and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey . The DES Data Management System is supported by the NSF under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171 . The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825 , ESP2015-88861 , FPA2015-68048 , and Centro de Excelencia SEV-2016-0588 , SEV-2016-0597 and MDM-2015-0509 . Research leading to these results has received funding from the ERC under the EU’s 7th Framework Programme including grants ERC 240672 , 291329 and 306478 . We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) , through project number CE110001020 .

Funders	Funder number
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics
Centro de Excelencia	SEV-2016-0588
Collaborating Institutions are Argonne Lab
Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey
7th Framework Programme
Fermi Research Alliance, LLC	DE-AC02-07CH11359
IFAE Barcelona
KICP
MEC/MICINN/MINECO
MIFPA
NOAO
SLAC National Lab
U.S. Government
National Science Foundation	AST-1138766, AST-1536171
U.S. Department of Energy
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Stanford University
Office of Science
High Energy Physics
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of Pennsylvania
Ohio State University
University of Chicago
University of Michigan
Texas A and M University
University of Portsmouth
Seventh Framework Programme	240672, 306478, 291329
Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University
Science and Technology Facilities Council
University College London
European Research Council
University of Nottingham
University of Sussex
Australian Research Council	CE110001020
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad	ESP2015-88861, SEV-2016-0597, MDM-2015-0509, FPA2015-68048, AYA2015-71825
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Keywords

Gravitational waves
Grid computing
Software and its engineering software infrastructure

Access to Document

10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425

Cite this

Herner, K., Annis, J., Brout, D., Soares-Santos, M., Kessler, R., Sako, M., Butler, R., Doctor, Z., Palmese, A., Allam, S., Tucker, D. L., Sobreira, F., Yanny, B., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Glaeser, N., Garcia, A., Sherman, N. F., Bechtol, K., ... Zhang, Y. (2020). Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs. Astronomy and Computing, 33, Article 100425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425

@article{8cebad7999e84f0aba6fbe04a490c5d4,

title = "Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs",

abstract = "Gravitational wave (GW) events detectable by LIGO and Virgo have several possible progenitors, including black hole mergers, neutron star mergers, black hole–neutron star mergers, supernovae, and cosmic string cusps. A subset of GW events is expected to produce electromagnetic (EM) emission that, once detected, will provide complementary information about their astrophysical context. To that end, the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sends GW candidate alerts to the astronomical community so that searches for their EM counterparts can be pursued. The DESGW group, consisting of members of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the LVC, and other members of the astronomical community, uses the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to perform a search and discovery program for optical signatures of LVC GW events. DESGW aims to use a sample of GW events as standard sirens for cosmology. Due to the short decay timescale of the expected EM counterparts and the need to quickly eliminate survey areas with no counterpart candidates, it is critical to complete the initial analysis of each night's images as quickly as possible. We discuss our search area determination, imaging pipeline, and candidate selection processes. We review results from the DESGW program during the first two LIGO–Virgo observing campaigns and introduce other science applications that our pipeline enables.",

keywords = "Gravitational waves, Grid computing, Software and its engineering software infrastructure",

author = "K. Herner and J. Annis and D. Brout and M. Soares-Santos and R. Kessler and M. Sako and R. Butler and Z. Doctor and A. Palmese and S. Allam and Tucker, {D. L.} and F. Sobreira and B. Yanny and Diehl, {H. T.} and J. Frieman and N. Glaeser and A. Garcia and Sherman, {N. F.} and K. Bechtol and E. Berger and Chen, {H. Y.} and Conselice, {C. J.} and E. Cook and Cowperthwaite, {P. S.} and Davis, {T. M.} and A. Drlica-Wagner and B. Farr and D. Finley and Foley, {R. J.} and J. Garcia-Bellido and Gill, {M. S.S.} and Gruendl, {R. A.} and Holz, {D. E.} and N. Kuropatkin and H. Lin and J. Marriner and Marshall, {J. L.} and T. Matheson and E. Neilsen and F. Paz-Chinch{\'o}n and M. Sauseda and D. Scolnic and Williams, {P. K.G.} and S. Avila and E. Bertin and E. Buckley-Geer and Burke, {D. L.} and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and M. Carrasco-Kind and J. Carretero and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and {De Vicente}, J. and S. Desai and P. Doel and Eifler, {T. F.} and S. Everett and P. Fosalba and E. Gaztanaga and Gerdes, {D. W.} and J. Gschwend and G. Gutierrez and Hartley, {W. G.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and E. Krause and K. Kuehn and O. Lahav and Li, {T. S.} and M. Lima and Maia, {M. A.G.} and M. March and F. Menanteau and R. Miquel and Plazas, {A. A.} and E. Sanchez and V. Scarpine and M. Schubnell and S. Serrano and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and M. Smith and E. Suchyta and G. Tarle and W. Wester and Y. Zhang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2020",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425",

language = "English",

volume = "33",

journal = "Astronomy and Computing",

issn = "2213-1337",

}

Herner, K, Annis, J, Brout, D, Soares-Santos, M, Kessler, R, Sako, M, Butler, R, Doctor, Z, Palmese, A, Allam, S, Tucker, DL, Sobreira, F, Yanny, B, Diehl, HT, Frieman, J, Glaeser, N, Garcia, A, Sherman, NF, Bechtol, K, Berger, E, Chen, HY, Conselice, CJ, Cook, E, Cowperthwaite, PS, Davis, TM, Drlica-Wagner, A, Farr, B, Finley, D, Foley, RJ, Garcia-Bellido, J, Gill, MSS, Gruendl, RA, Holz, DE, Kuropatkin, N, Lin, H, Marriner, J, Marshall, JL, Matheson, T, Neilsen, E, Paz-Chinchón, F, Sauseda, M, Scolnic, D, Williams, PKG, Avila, S, Bertin, E, Buckley-Geer, E, Burke, DL, Rosell, AC, Carrasco-Kind, M, Carretero, J, da Costa, LN, De Vicente, J, Desai, S, Doel, P, Eifler, TF, Everett, S, Fosalba, P, Gaztanaga, E, Gerdes, DW, Gschwend, J, Gutierrez, G, Hartley, WG, Hollowood, DL, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Krause, E, Kuehn, K, Lahav, O, Li, TS, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, March, M, Menanteau, F, Miquel, R, Plazas, AA, Sanchez, E, Scarpine, V, Schubnell, M, Serrano, S, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, M, Suchyta, E, Tarle, G, Wester, W & Zhang, Y 2020, 'Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs', Astronomy and Computing, vol. 33, 100425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425

TY - JOUR

T1 - Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs

AU - Herner, K.

AU - Annis, J.

AU - Brout, D.

AU - Soares-Santos, M.

AU - Kessler, R.

AU - Sako, M.

AU - Butler, R.

AU - Doctor, Z.

AU - Palmese, A.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Tucker, D. L.

AU - Sobreira, F.

AU - Yanny, B.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - Glaeser, N.

AU - Garcia, A.

AU - Sherman, N. F.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Berger, E.

AU - Chen, H. Y.

AU - Conselice, C. J.

AU - Cook, E.

AU - Cowperthwaite, P. S.

AU - Davis, T. M.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Farr, B.

AU - Finley, D.

AU - Foley, R. J.

AU - Garcia-Bellido, J.

AU - Gill, M. S.S.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Holz, D. E.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Lin, H.

AU - Marriner, J.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Matheson, T.

AU - Neilsen, E.

AU - Paz-Chinchón, F.

AU - Sauseda, M.

AU - Scolnic, D.

AU - Williams, P. K.G.

AU - Avila, S.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Buckley-Geer, E.

AU - Burke, D. L.

AU - Rosell, A. Carnero

AU - Carrasco-Kind, M.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - De Vicente, J.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Eifler, T. F.

AU - Everett, S.

AU - Fosalba, P.

AU - Gaztanaga, E.

AU - Gerdes, D. W.

AU - Gschwend, J.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Hartley, W. G.

AU - Hollowood, D. L.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Krause, E.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Lahav, O.

AU - Li, T. S.

AU - Lima, M.

AU - Maia, M. A.G.

AU - March, M.

AU - Menanteau, F.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Plazas, A. A.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Schubnell, M.

AU - Serrano, S.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Wester, W.

AU - Zhang, Y.

PY - 2020/10

Y1 - 2020/10

N2 - Gravitational wave (GW) events detectable by LIGO and Virgo have several possible progenitors, including black hole mergers, neutron star mergers, black hole–neutron star mergers, supernovae, and cosmic string cusps. A subset of GW events is expected to produce electromagnetic (EM) emission that, once detected, will provide complementary information about their astrophysical context. To that end, the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sends GW candidate alerts to the astronomical community so that searches for their EM counterparts can be pursued. The DESGW group, consisting of members of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the LVC, and other members of the astronomical community, uses the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to perform a search and discovery program for optical signatures of LVC GW events. DESGW aims to use a sample of GW events as standard sirens for cosmology. Due to the short decay timescale of the expected EM counterparts and the need to quickly eliminate survey areas with no counterpart candidates, it is critical to complete the initial analysis of each night's images as quickly as possible. We discuss our search area determination, imaging pipeline, and candidate selection processes. We review results from the DESGW program during the first two LIGO–Virgo observing campaigns and introduce other science applications that our pipeline enables.

AB - Gravitational wave (GW) events detectable by LIGO and Virgo have several possible progenitors, including black hole mergers, neutron star mergers, black hole–neutron star mergers, supernovae, and cosmic string cusps. A subset of GW events is expected to produce electromagnetic (EM) emission that, once detected, will provide complementary information about their astrophysical context. To that end, the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sends GW candidate alerts to the astronomical community so that searches for their EM counterparts can be pursued. The DESGW group, consisting of members of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), the LVC, and other members of the astronomical community, uses the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to perform a search and discovery program for optical signatures of LVC GW events. DESGW aims to use a sample of GW events as standard sirens for cosmology. Due to the short decay timescale of the expected EM counterparts and the need to quickly eliminate survey areas with no counterpart candidates, it is critical to complete the initial analysis of each night's images as quickly as possible. We discuss our search area determination, imaging pipeline, and candidate selection processes. We review results from the DESGW program during the first two LIGO–Virgo observing campaigns and introduce other science applications that our pipeline enables.

KW - Gravitational waves

KW - Grid computing

KW - Software and its engineering software infrastructure

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092394888&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425

DO - 10.1016/j.ascom.2020.100425

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85092394888

SN - 2213-1337

VL - 33

JO - Astronomy and Computing

JF - Astronomy and Computing

M1 - 100425

ER -

Optical follow-up of gravitational wave triggers with DECam during the first two LIGO/VIRGO observing runs

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