Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)

Qinglong Tang; Ramgopal Sampath; Manuel Echeverri Marquez; Priybrat Sharma; Ponnya Hlaing; Moez Ben Houidi; Emre Cenker; Junseok Chang; Gaetano Magnotti; Bengt Johansson

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001

Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)

Qinglong Tang
, Ramgopal Sampath
, Manuel Echeverri Marquez
, Priybrat Sharma
, Ponnya Hlaing
, Moez Ben Houidi
, Emre Cenker
, Junseok Chang
, Gaetano Magnotti
, Bengt Johansson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

98 Scopus citations

Abstract

We studied the relationship between pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the pre-chamber combustion (PCC) of an optical engine, fueled with methane and equipped with an active pre-chamber with two rows of orifices. Acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and OH* chemiluminescence imaging techniques were simultaneously applied to visualize the pre-chamber jet and the reaction zone in the main chamber, respectively. The pre-chamber fueling was constant and the main chamber fueling was increased to form an ultra-lean case and a lean case with global excess air ratios (λ) of 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. Results indicate that a higher pressure difference between pre-chamber and main chamber (▵P) produces larger pre-chamber jet penetration speed; the maximum pre-chamber jet penetration speed appears at timing around the peak ▵P. Over enrichment of the pre-chamber charge reduces the peak ▵P and thus does not favor a faster pre-chamber jet discharge. In addition to the main pre-chamber jet, a weaker post jet discharge process is visualized; the former is due to the pre-chamber combustion while the latter due to the ▵P fluctuation and the cylinder volume expansion. The post pre-chamber jet is accompanied by a post reaction zone in the ultra-lean case (λ=2.3) and there are two unburned regions in the main chamber: one is around the pre-chamber nozzle and the other between the adjacent reaction zones. These two unburned regions are consumed by flame propagation in the lean case (λ=1.8). The weak pre-chamber jet from the upper-row orifice does not produce any distinct reaction zone, indicating that the pre-chamber orifice location and arrangement on the nozzle also matters in the pre-chamber design. The pre-chamber jet penetration length is longer than that of the reaction zone during pre-chamber discharge; the penetration length difference between the pre-chamber jet and reaction zone decreases with increasing main chamber fueling.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	218-235
Number of pages	18
Journal	Combustion and Flame
Volume	228
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001
State	Published - Jun 2021
Externally published	Yes

Funding

The paper is based upon work supported by Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center FUELCOM3 program under Master Research Agreement Number 6600024505/01 . FUELCOM (Fuel Combustion for Advanced Engines) is a collaborative research undertaking between Saudi Aramco and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ( KAUST ) intended to address the fundamental aspects of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in engines and develop fuel/engine design tools suitable for advanced combustion modes. The paper is based upon work supported by Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center FUELCOM3 program under Master Research Agreement Number 6600024505/01. FUELCOM (Fuel Combustion for Advanced Engines) is a collaborative research undertaking between Saudi Aramco and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) intended to address the fundamental aspects of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in engines and develop fuel/engine design tools suitable for advanced combustion modes.

Keywords

Lean combustion
OH* chemiluminescence
Planar laser-induced fluorescence
Pre-chamber combustion
Pre-chamber jet speed

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10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001

Cite this

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title = "Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)",

abstract = "We studied the relationship between pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the pre-chamber combustion (PCC) of an optical engine, fueled with methane and equipped with an active pre-chamber with two rows of orifices. Acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and OH* chemiluminescence imaging techniques were simultaneously applied to visualize the pre-chamber jet and the reaction zone in the main chamber, respectively. The pre-chamber fueling was constant and the main chamber fueling was increased to form an ultra-lean case and a lean case with global excess air ratios (λ) of 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. Results indicate that a higher pressure difference between pre-chamber and main chamber (▵P) produces larger pre-chamber jet penetration speed; the maximum pre-chamber jet penetration speed appears at timing around the peak ▵P. Over enrichment of the pre-chamber charge reduces the peak ▵P and thus does not favor a faster pre-chamber jet discharge. In addition to the main pre-chamber jet, a weaker post jet discharge process is visualized; the former is due to the pre-chamber combustion while the latter due to the ▵P fluctuation and the cylinder volume expansion. The post pre-chamber jet is accompanied by a post reaction zone in the ultra-lean case (λ=2.3) and there are two unburned regions in the main chamber: one is around the pre-chamber nozzle and the other between the adjacent reaction zones. These two unburned regions are consumed by flame propagation in the lean case (λ=1.8). The weak pre-chamber jet from the upper-row orifice does not produce any distinct reaction zone, indicating that the pre-chamber orifice location and arrangement on the nozzle also matters in the pre-chamber design. The pre-chamber jet penetration length is longer than that of the reaction zone during pre-chamber discharge; the penetration length difference between the pre-chamber jet and reaction zone decreases with increasing main chamber fueling.",

keywords = "Lean combustion, OH* chemiluminescence, Planar laser-induced fluorescence, Pre-chamber combustion, Pre-chamber jet speed",

author = "Qinglong Tang and Ramgopal Sampath and Marquez, \{Manuel Echeverri\} and Priybrat Sharma and Ponnya Hlaing and Houidi, \{Moez Ben\} and Emre Cenker and Junseok Chang and Gaetano Magnotti and Bengt Johansson",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001",

language = "English",

volume = "228",

pages = "218--235",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)

AU - Tang, Qinglong

AU - Sampath, Ramgopal

AU - Marquez, Manuel Echeverri

AU - Sharma, Priybrat

AU - Hlaing, Ponnya

AU - Houidi, Moez Ben

AU - Cenker, Emre

AU - Chang, Junseok

AU - Magnotti, Gaetano

AU - Johansson, Bengt

PY - 2021/6

Y1 - 2021/6

N2 - We studied the relationship between pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the pre-chamber combustion (PCC) of an optical engine, fueled with methane and equipped with an active pre-chamber with two rows of orifices. Acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and OH* chemiluminescence imaging techniques were simultaneously applied to visualize the pre-chamber jet and the reaction zone in the main chamber, respectively. The pre-chamber fueling was constant and the main chamber fueling was increased to form an ultra-lean case and a lean case with global excess air ratios (λ) of 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. Results indicate that a higher pressure difference between pre-chamber and main chamber (▵P) produces larger pre-chamber jet penetration speed; the maximum pre-chamber jet penetration speed appears at timing around the peak ▵P. Over enrichment of the pre-chamber charge reduces the peak ▵P and thus does not favor a faster pre-chamber jet discharge. In addition to the main pre-chamber jet, a weaker post jet discharge process is visualized; the former is due to the pre-chamber combustion while the latter due to the ▵P fluctuation and the cylinder volume expansion. The post pre-chamber jet is accompanied by a post reaction zone in the ultra-lean case (λ=2.3) and there are two unburned regions in the main chamber: one is around the pre-chamber nozzle and the other between the adjacent reaction zones. These two unburned regions are consumed by flame propagation in the lean case (λ=1.8). The weak pre-chamber jet from the upper-row orifice does not produce any distinct reaction zone, indicating that the pre-chamber orifice location and arrangement on the nozzle also matters in the pre-chamber design. The pre-chamber jet penetration length is longer than that of the reaction zone during pre-chamber discharge; the penetration length difference between the pre-chamber jet and reaction zone decreases with increasing main chamber fueling.

AB - We studied the relationship between pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the pre-chamber combustion (PCC) of an optical engine, fueled with methane and equipped with an active pre-chamber with two rows of orifices. Acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and OH* chemiluminescence imaging techniques were simultaneously applied to visualize the pre-chamber jet and the reaction zone in the main chamber, respectively. The pre-chamber fueling was constant and the main chamber fueling was increased to form an ultra-lean case and a lean case with global excess air ratios (λ) of 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. Results indicate that a higher pressure difference between pre-chamber and main chamber (▵P) produces larger pre-chamber jet penetration speed; the maximum pre-chamber jet penetration speed appears at timing around the peak ▵P. Over enrichment of the pre-chamber charge reduces the peak ▵P and thus does not favor a faster pre-chamber jet discharge. In addition to the main pre-chamber jet, a weaker post jet discharge process is visualized; the former is due to the pre-chamber combustion while the latter due to the ▵P fluctuation and the cylinder volume expansion. The post pre-chamber jet is accompanied by a post reaction zone in the ultra-lean case (λ=2.3) and there are two unburned regions in the main chamber: one is around the pre-chamber nozzle and the other between the adjacent reaction zones. These two unburned regions are consumed by flame propagation in the lean case (λ=1.8). The weak pre-chamber jet from the upper-row orifice does not produce any distinct reaction zone, indicating that the pre-chamber orifice location and arrangement on the nozzle also matters in the pre-chamber design. The pre-chamber jet penetration length is longer than that of the reaction zone during pre-chamber discharge; the penetration length difference between the pre-chamber jet and reaction zone decreases with increasing main chamber fueling.

KW - Lean combustion

KW - OH chemiluminescence

KW - Planar laser-induced fluorescence

KW - Pre-chamber combustion

KW - Pre-chamber jet speed

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85100952805

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DO - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85100952805

SN - 0010-2180

VL - 228

SP - 218

EP - 235

JO - Combustion and Flame

JF - Combustion and Flame

ER -

Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)

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Keywords

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