Oil miscible phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid as novel antiwear and antipitting additive for low-viscosity rear axle lubricants

Sougata Roy; Lake Speed; Michael Viola; Huimin Luo; Donovan Leonard; Jun Qu

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203588

Oil miscible phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid as novel antiwear and antipitting additive for low-viscosity rear axle lubricants

Sougata Roy, Lake Speed, Michael Viola, Huimin Luo, Donovan Leonard, Jun Qu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study explored the feasibility of using a phosphonium phosphate ionic liquid as a candidate anti-wear and anti-pitting additive for rear axle lubricant. This particular IL was first added to a VHVI8 base oil at 2–3% concentration and demonstrated effective surface protection for wear and micro-cracking under rolling-sliding contacts. The promising results directed to a step further to produce a series of IL-containing low-viscosity (about a half of SAE 75W-90) fully formulated gear oils. Selected IL-containing experimental oils showed superior mitigation of rolling contact fatigue to a commercial SAE 75W-90 gear oil in bench-scale rolling-sliding tests. Full-scale hub dynamometer tests were then conducted and demonstrated more than 3% power output and torque generation for an IL-containing low-viscosity gear oil benchmarked against commercial baselines.

Original language	English
Article number	203588
Journal	Wear
Volume	466-467
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2020.203588
State	Published - Feb 15 2021
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Note: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research by the DOE Public Access Plan ( http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-publicaccess- plan). The authors thank X. He from ORNL for oil viscosity measurement, J. Dyck and E. Conrad from Solvay for providing phosphonium cation feedstocks, H. Xu from General Motors for discussing real axle lubrication, and D. Coffey from ORNL for preparing STEM samples. Research was jointly sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Office of Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Tank Automotive Research of Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) of U.S. Army of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Electron microscopy characterization was in part performed at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of DOE-BES. Note: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research by the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-publicaccess- plan). The authors thank X. He from ORNL for oil viscosity measurement, J. Dyck and E. Conrad from Solvay for providing phosphonium cation feedstocks, H. Xu from General Motors for discussing real axle lubrication, and D. Coffey from ORNL for preparing STEM samples. Research was jointly sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Office of Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Tank Automotive Research of Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) of U.S. Army of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) . Electron microscopy characterization was in part performed at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of DOE-BES.

Funders	Funder number
DOE Public Access Plan
Office of DOE-BES	DEAC05-00OR22725
Scientific User Facilities Division
United States Government
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of Energy
General Motors Corporation
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center
Solvay Pharmaceuticals

Keywords

Gear
Ionic liquids
Lubricant additives
Micropitting
Rolling contact fatigue

Access to Document

10.1016/j.wear.2020.203588

Cite this

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title = "Oil miscible phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid as novel antiwear and antipitting additive for low-viscosity rear axle lubricants",

abstract = "This study explored the feasibility of using a phosphonium phosphate ionic liquid as a candidate anti-wear and anti-pitting additive for rear axle lubricant. This particular IL was first added to a VHVI8 base oil at 2–3% concentration and demonstrated effective surface protection for wear and micro-cracking under rolling-sliding contacts. The promising results directed to a step further to produce a series of IL-containing low-viscosity (about a half of SAE 75W-90) fully formulated gear oils. Selected IL-containing experimental oils showed superior mitigation of rolling contact fatigue to a commercial SAE 75W-90 gear oil in bench-scale rolling-sliding tests. Full-scale hub dynamometer tests were then conducted and demonstrated more than 3% power output and torque generation for an IL-containing low-viscosity gear oil benchmarked against commercial baselines.",

keywords = "Gear, Ionic liquids, Lubricant additives, Micropitting, Rolling contact fatigue",

author = "Sougata Roy and Lake Speed and Michael Viola and Huimin Luo and Donovan Leonard and Jun Qu",

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doi = "10.1016/j.wear.2020.203588",

language = "English",

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journal = "Wear",

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AU - Roy, Sougata

AU - Speed, Lake

AU - Viola, Michael

AU - Luo, Huimin

AU - Leonard, Donovan

AU - Qu, Jun

PY - 2021/2/15

Y1 - 2021/2/15

N2 - This study explored the feasibility of using a phosphonium phosphate ionic liquid as a candidate anti-wear and anti-pitting additive for rear axle lubricant. This particular IL was first added to a VHVI8 base oil at 2–3% concentration and demonstrated effective surface protection for wear and micro-cracking under rolling-sliding contacts. The promising results directed to a step further to produce a series of IL-containing low-viscosity (about a half of SAE 75W-90) fully formulated gear oils. Selected IL-containing experimental oils showed superior mitigation of rolling contact fatigue to a commercial SAE 75W-90 gear oil in bench-scale rolling-sliding tests. Full-scale hub dynamometer tests were then conducted and demonstrated more than 3% power output and torque generation for an IL-containing low-viscosity gear oil benchmarked against commercial baselines.

AB - This study explored the feasibility of using a phosphonium phosphate ionic liquid as a candidate anti-wear and anti-pitting additive for rear axle lubricant. This particular IL was first added to a VHVI8 base oil at 2–3% concentration and demonstrated effective surface protection for wear and micro-cracking under rolling-sliding contacts. The promising results directed to a step further to produce a series of IL-containing low-viscosity (about a half of SAE 75W-90) fully formulated gear oils. Selected IL-containing experimental oils showed superior mitigation of rolling contact fatigue to a commercial SAE 75W-90 gear oil in bench-scale rolling-sliding tests. Full-scale hub dynamometer tests were then conducted and demonstrated more than 3% power output and torque generation for an IL-containing low-viscosity gear oil benchmarked against commercial baselines.

KW - Gear

KW - Ionic liquids

KW - Lubricant additives

KW - Micropitting

KW - Rolling contact fatigue

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Oil miscible phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid as novel antiwear and antipitting additive for low-viscosity rear axle lubricants

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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