Observations of unexpected grain boundary migration in SrTiO3

Vivekanand Muralikrishnan; He Liu; Lin Yang; Bryan Conry; Christopher J. Marvel; Martin P. Harmer; Gregory S. Rohrer; Michael R. Tonks; Robert M. Suter; Carl E. Krill; Amanda R. Krause

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115055

Observations of unexpected grain boundary migration in SrTiO₃

Vivekanand Muralikrishnan
, He Liu
, Lin Yang
, Bryan Conry
, Christopher J. Marvel
, Martin P. Harmer
, Gregory S. Rohrer
, Michael R. Tonks
, Robert M. Suter
, Carl E. Krill
, Amanda R. Krause

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Scopus citations

Abstract

High-energy x-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) nondestructively maps microstructures in 3D, allowing for the same grains and boundaries to be tracked over time during annealing experiments. Here, HEDM was applied to observe grain growth in strontium titanate. These results are compared to a 3D isotropic grain growth simulation that starts from the same initial microstructure to identify potentially unknown grain boundary migration mechanisms. During the simulation, grain growth behaves as expected: the change in grain volume is correlated with the number of neighbors, and the grain boundary velocity is correlated with its local curvature. Experimentally, however, flat boundaries were found to move faster than curved boundaries, and 37% of all measured boundaries move in the direction opposite to their curvature. These unexpected observations suggest that, in materials with anisotropic grain boundary properties, mechanisms other than curvature-driven boundary migration play a role in the minimization of interfacial energy.

Original language	English
Article number	115055
Journal	Scripta Materialia
Volume	222
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115055
State	Published - Jan 1 2023
Externally published	Yes

Funding

The authors would like to thank Dr. Michael J. Hoffmann for the SrTiO 3 samples. Additionally, they would like to thank Jun-Sang Park and Peter Kenesei for their assistance in data collection. This material is based upon work supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant no. AWD04512-1842473 . Dr. Rohrer also acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant DMR 2118945 . This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . In addition, the authors are grateful to the Argonne National Laboratory for the allotment of beam time on beamline 1-ID-B,C,E at the Advanced Photon Source (Proposal 63745). The HEDM measurements were made possible by preliminary 3D characterizations of SrTiO 3 carried out at beamline BL20XU of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (SPring-8), Proposals 2017A1534 and 2018A1521.

Keywords

Grain growth
High energy x-ray diffraction microscopy
Microstructure
Perovskite

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10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.115055

Cite this

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title = "Observations of unexpected grain boundary migration in SrTiO3",

abstract = "High-energy x-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) nondestructively maps microstructures in 3D, allowing for the same grains and boundaries to be tracked over time during annealing experiments. Here, HEDM was applied to observe grain growth in strontium titanate. These results are compared to a 3D isotropic grain growth simulation that starts from the same initial microstructure to identify potentially unknown grain boundary migration mechanisms. During the simulation, grain growth behaves as expected: the change in grain volume is correlated with the number of neighbors, and the grain boundary velocity is correlated with its local curvature. Experimentally, however, flat boundaries were found to move faster than curved boundaries, and 37\% of all measured boundaries move in the direction opposite to their curvature. These unexpected observations suggest that, in materials with anisotropic grain boundary properties, mechanisms other than curvature-driven boundary migration play a role in the minimization of interfacial energy.",

keywords = "Grain growth, High energy x-ray diffraction microscopy, Microstructure, Perovskite",

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AU - Yang, Lin

AU - Conry, Bryan

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AU - Harmer, Martin P.

AU - Rohrer, Gregory S.

AU - Tonks, Michael R.

AU - Suter, Robert M.

AU - Krill, Carl E.

AU - Krause, Amanda R.

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