Observation of a multiplicity dependence in the pT-differential charm baryon-to-meson ratios in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV

ALICE Collaboration

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137065

Observation of a multiplicity dependence in the p_T-differential charm baryon-to-meson ratios in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV

ALICE Collaboration

Relativistic Nuclear Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

The production of prompt D⁰, D_s⁺, and Λ_c⁺ hadrons, and their ratios, D_s⁺/D⁰ and Λ_c⁺/D⁰, are measured in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed as a function of the charm-hadron transverse momentum (p_T) in intervals of charged-particle multiplicity, measured with two multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. While the strange to non-strange D_s⁺/D⁰ ratio indicates no significant multiplicity dependence, the baryon-to-meson p_T-differential Λ_c⁺/D⁰ ratio shows a multiplicity-dependent enhancement, with a significance of 5.3σ for 1<p_T<12 GeV/c, comparing the highest multiplicity interval with respect to the lowest one. The measurements are compared with a theoretical model that explains the multiplicity dependence by a canonical treatment of quantum charges in the statistical hadronisation approach, and with predictions from event generators that implement colour reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading colour approximation to model the hadronisation process. The Λ_c⁺/D⁰ ratios as a function of p_T present a similar shape and magnitude as the Λ/K_S⁰ ratios in comparable multiplicity intervals, suggesting a potential common mechanism for light- and charm-hadron formation, with analogous multiplicity dependence. The p_T-integrated ratios, extrapolated down to p_T=0, do not show a significant dependence on multiplicity within the uncertainties.

Original language	English
Article number	137065
Journal	Physics Letters B
Volume	829
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137065
State	Published - Jun 10 2022

Funding

The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [M 2467-N36] and Nationalstiftung f?r Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo (FAPESP) and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnol?gicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenerg?a, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences, the Villum Fonden and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat ? l'?nergie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucl?aire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium f?r Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum f?r Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Applied Science (IIST), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnolog?a, through Fondo de Cooperaci?n Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnolog?a (FONCICYT) and Direcci?n General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Cat?lica del Per?, Peru; Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics and University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences , Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [ M 2467-N36 ] and Nationalstiftung f\u00FCr Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung , Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center , Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP) and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation , Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnol\u00F3gicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenerg\u00EDa , Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic , Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences , the Villum Fonden and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat \u00E0 l'\u00C9nergie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucl\u00E9aire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum f\u00FCr Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology , Ministry of Education, Research and Religions , Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office , Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission , Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ), India; Indonesian Institute of Science , Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare ( INFN ), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Applied Science (IIST), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnolog\u00EDa, through Fondo de Cooperaci\u00F3n Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00EDa (FONCICYT) and Direcci\u00F3n General de Asuntos del Personal Academico ( DGAPA ), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway , Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00F3lica del Per\u00FA , Peru; Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB , Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research , Institute of Atomic Physics , Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics and University Politehnica of Bucharest , Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research ( JINR ), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation , National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute , Russian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research , Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic , Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa , South Africa; Swedish Research Council ( VR ) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research , Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) , Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy , Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Funders	Funder number
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
State Committee of Science and World Federation
Ministry of Communications and High Technologies
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
Villum Fonden and Danish National Research Foundation
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
National Science and Technology Development Agency
National Research Foundation of Korea
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
General Secretariat for Research and Technology , Ministry of Education, Research and Religions
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Science and Technology Facilities Council
General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions
University Grants Committee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation
DGAPA
Nationalstiftung f?r Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic , Czech Republic
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Norges Forskningsråd
Yerevan Physics Institute
Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd
National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Office of the Higher Education Commission
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Suranaree University of Technology
Russian Foundation for Basic Research
NRU
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
U.S. Department of Energy
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Institute of Atomic Physics and University Politehnica of Bucharest
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency
National Nuclear Research Center
WUT ID-UB
Institutul de Fizică Atomică
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport
Applied Science
IIST
Russian Science Foundation
University Grants Commission , Government of India
Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
University Grants Commission, Government of India
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnol?gicas y Desarrollo Nuclear
National Research Foundation
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Indian Institute of Science
CERN
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Nuclear Physics
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
Direcci?n General de Asuntos del Personal Academico
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia
Vetenskapsrådet
Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung
TENMAK
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Austrian Science Fund	M 2467-N36
Austrian Science Fund
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	21H04462
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137065

Cite this

@article{d6d1505742d5464faec75c77c3118ae1,

title = "Observation of a multiplicity dependence in the pT-differential charm baryon-to-meson ratios in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV",

abstract = "The production of prompt D0, Ds+, and Λc+ hadrons, and their ratios, Ds+/D0 and Λc+/D0, are measured in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed as a function of the charm-hadron transverse momentum (pT) in intervals of charged-particle multiplicity, measured with two multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. While the strange to non-strange Ds+/D0 ratio indicates no significant multiplicity dependence, the baryon-to-meson pT-differential Λc+/D0 ratio shows a multiplicity-dependent enhancement, with a significance of 5.3σ for 1T<12 GeV/c, comparing the highest multiplicity interval with respect to the lowest one. The measurements are compared with a theoretical model that explains the multiplicity dependence by a canonical treatment of quantum charges in the statistical hadronisation approach, and with predictions from event generators that implement colour reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading colour approximation to model the hadronisation process. The Λc+/D0 ratios as a function of pT present a similar shape and magnitude as the Λ/KS0 ratios in comparable multiplicity intervals, suggesting a potential common mechanism for light- and charm-hadron formation, with analogous multiplicity dependence. The pT-integrated ratios, extrapolated down to pT=0, do not show a significant dependence on multiplicity within the uncertainties.",

author = "{ALICE Collaboration} and S. Acharya and D. Adamov{\'a} and A. Adler and J. Adolfsson and {Aglieri Rinella}, G. and M. Agnello and N. Agrawal and Z. Ahammed and S. Ahmad and Ahn, {S. U.} and I. Ahuja and Z. Akbar and A. Akindinov and M. Al-Turany and Alam, {S. N.} and D. Aleksandrov and B. Alessandro and Alfanda, {H. M.} and {Alfaro Molina}, R. and B. Ali and Y. Ali and A. Alici and N. Alizadehvandchali and A. Alkin and J. Alme and G. Alocco and T. Alt and I. Altsybeev and Anaam, {M. N.} and C. Andrei and D. Andreou and A. Andronic and V. Anguelov and F. Antinori and P. Antonioli and C. Anuj and N. Apadula and L. Aphecetche and H. Appelsh{\"a}user and S. Arcelli and R. Arnaldi and Arsene, {I. C.} and M. Arslandok and A. Augustinus and R. Averbeck and S. Aziz and Azmi, {M. D.} and F. Bock and Read, {K. F.} and Schmidt, {N. V.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 European Organization for Nuclear Research",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137065",

language = "English",

volume = "829",

journal = "Physics Letters B",

issn = "0370-2693",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Observation of a multiplicity dependence in the pT-differential charm baryon-to-meson ratios in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV

AU - ALICE Collaboration

AU - Acharya, S.

AU - Adamová, D.

AU - Adler, A.

AU - Adolfsson, J.

AU - Aglieri Rinella, G.

AU - Agnello, M.

AU - Agrawal, N.

AU - Ahammed, Z.

AU - Ahmad, S.

AU - Ahn, S. U.

AU - Ahuja, I.

AU - Akbar, Z.

AU - Akindinov, A.

AU - Al-Turany, M.

AU - Alam, S. N.

AU - Aleksandrov, D.

AU - Alessandro, B.

AU - Alfanda, H. M.

AU - Alfaro Molina, R.

AU - Ali, B.

AU - Ali, Y.

AU - Alici, A.

AU - Alizadehvandchali, N.

AU - Alkin, A.

AU - Alme, J.

AU - Alocco, G.

AU - Alt, T.

AU - Altsybeev, I.

AU - Anaam, M. N.

AU - Andrei, C.

AU - Andreou, D.

AU - Andronic, A.

AU - Anguelov, V.

AU - Antinori, F.

AU - Antonioli, P.

AU - Anuj, C.

AU - Apadula, N.

AU - Aphecetche, L.

AU - Appelshäuser, H.

AU - Arcelli, S.

AU - Arnaldi, R.

AU - Arsene, I. C.

AU - Arslandok, M.

AU - Augustinus, A.

AU - Averbeck, R.

AU - Aziz, S.

AU - Azmi, M. D.

AU - Bock, F.

AU - Read, K. F.

AU - Schmidt, N. V.

PY - 2022/6/10

Y1 - 2022/6/10

N2 - The production of prompt D0, Ds+, and Λc+ hadrons, and their ratios, Ds+/D0 and Λc+/D0, are measured in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed as a function of the charm-hadron transverse momentum (pT) in intervals of charged-particle multiplicity, measured with two multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. While the strange to non-strange Ds+/D0 ratio indicates no significant multiplicity dependence, the baryon-to-meson pT-differential Λc+/D0 ratio shows a multiplicity-dependent enhancement, with a significance of 5.3σ for 1T<12 GeV/c, comparing the highest multiplicity interval with respect to the lowest one. The measurements are compared with a theoretical model that explains the multiplicity dependence by a canonical treatment of quantum charges in the statistical hadronisation approach, and with predictions from event generators that implement colour reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading colour approximation to model the hadronisation process. The Λc+/D0 ratios as a function of pT present a similar shape and magnitude as the Λ/KS0 ratios in comparable multiplicity intervals, suggesting a potential common mechanism for light- and charm-hadron formation, with analogous multiplicity dependence. The pT-integrated ratios, extrapolated down to pT=0, do not show a significant dependence on multiplicity within the uncertainties.

AB - The production of prompt D0, Ds+, and Λc+ hadrons, and their ratios, Ds+/D0 and Λc+/D0, are measured in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed as a function of the charm-hadron transverse momentum (pT) in intervals of charged-particle multiplicity, measured with two multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. While the strange to non-strange Ds+/D0 ratio indicates no significant multiplicity dependence, the baryon-to-meson pT-differential Λc+/D0 ratio shows a multiplicity-dependent enhancement, with a significance of 5.3σ for 1T<12 GeV/c, comparing the highest multiplicity interval with respect to the lowest one. The measurements are compared with a theoretical model that explains the multiplicity dependence by a canonical treatment of quantum charges in the statistical hadronisation approach, and with predictions from event generators that implement colour reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading colour approximation to model the hadronisation process. The Λc+/D0 ratios as a function of pT present a similar shape and magnitude as the Λ/KS0 ratios in comparable multiplicity intervals, suggesting a potential common mechanism for light- and charm-hadron formation, with analogous multiplicity dependence. The pT-integrated ratios, extrapolated down to pT=0, do not show a significant dependence on multiplicity within the uncertainties.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129382752&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137065

DO - 10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137065

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85129382752

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 829

JO - Physics Letters B

JF - Physics Letters B

M1 - 137065

ER -

Observation of a multiplicity dependence in the p_T-differential charm baryon-to-meson ratios in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV

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