Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface

Yanli Yin; Elisabetta Arca; Luning Wang; Guang Yang; Manuel Schnabel; Lei Cao; Chuanxiao Xiao; Hongyao Zhou; Ping Liu; Jagjit Nanda; Glenn Teeter; Bryan Eichhorn; Kang Xu; Anthony Burrell; Chunmei Ban

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c03799

Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface

Yanli Yin, Elisabetta Arca, Luning Wang, Guang Yang, Manuel Schnabel, Lei Cao, Chuanxiao Xiao, Hongyao Zhou, Ping Liu, Jagjit Nanda, Glenn Teeter, Bryan Eichhorn, Kang Xu, Anthony Burrell, Chunmei Ban

Energy Storage & Conversion

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

54 Scopus citations

Abstract

A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been proven to be a key enabler to most advanced battery chemistries, where the reactivity between the electrolyte and the anode operating beyond the electrolyte stability limits must be kinetically suppressed by such SEIs. The graphite anode used in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries presents the most representative SEI example. Because of similar operation potentials between graphite and silicon (Si), a similar passivation mechanism has been thought to apply on the Si anode when using the same carbonate-based electrolytes. In this work, we found that the chemical formation process of a proto-SEI on Si is closely entangled with incessant SEI decomposition, detachment, and reparation, which lead to continuous lithium consumption. Using a special galvanostatic protocol designed to observe the SEI formation prior to Si lithiation, we were able to deconvolute the electrochemical formation of such dynamic SEI from the morphology and mechanical complexities of Si and showed that a pristine Si anode could not be fully passivated in carbonate-based electrolytes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	26593-26600
Number of pages	8
Journal	ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Volume	12
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c03799
State	Published - Jun 10 2020

Funding

This work was authored in part by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no. DE-AC36-08GO28308. The research is supported from the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the supervision of Brian Cunningham. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The research is also supported by the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering and College of Engineering and Applied Sciences at University of Colorado Boulder. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract no. DE-AC36-08GO28308.

Keywords

carbonate electrolytes
silicon anode
solid electrolyte interphase
surface and lithium-ion battery

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1021/acsami.0c03799

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abstract = "A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been proven to be a key enabler to most advanced battery chemistries, where the reactivity between the electrolyte and the anode operating beyond the electrolyte stability limits must be kinetically suppressed by such SEIs. The graphite anode used in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries presents the most representative SEI example. Because of similar operation potentials between graphite and silicon (Si), a similar passivation mechanism has been thought to apply on the Si anode when using the same carbonate-based electrolytes. In this work, we found that the chemical formation process of a proto-SEI on Si is closely entangled with incessant SEI decomposition, detachment, and reparation, which lead to continuous lithium consumption. Using a special galvanostatic protocol designed to observe the SEI formation prior to Si lithiation, we were able to deconvolute the electrochemical formation of such dynamic SEI from the morphology and mechanical complexities of Si and showed that a pristine Si anode could not be fully passivated in carbonate-based electrolytes.",

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AU - Arca, Elisabetta

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AU - Schnabel, Manuel

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AU - Xiao, Chuanxiao

AU - Zhou, Hongyao

AU - Liu, Ping

AU - Nanda, Jagjit

AU - Teeter, Glenn

AU - Eichhorn, Bryan

AU - Xu, Kang

AU - Burrell, Anthony

AU - Ban, Chunmei

PY - 2020/6/10

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N2 - A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been proven to be a key enabler to most advanced battery chemistries, where the reactivity between the electrolyte and the anode operating beyond the electrolyte stability limits must be kinetically suppressed by such SEIs. The graphite anode used in state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries presents the most representative SEI example. Because of similar operation potentials between graphite and silicon (Si), a similar passivation mechanism has been thought to apply on the Si anode when using the same carbonate-based electrolytes. In this work, we found that the chemical formation process of a proto-SEI on Si is closely entangled with incessant SEI decomposition, detachment, and reparation, which lead to continuous lithium consumption. Using a special galvanostatic protocol designed to observe the SEI formation prior to Si lithiation, we were able to deconvolute the electrochemical formation of such dynamic SEI from the morphology and mechanical complexities of Si and showed that a pristine Si anode could not be fully passivated in carbonate-based electrolytes.

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Nonpassivated Silicon Anode Surface

Abstract

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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