Non-linear elastic-plastic behavior of the invert glass lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON)

S. Kalnaus; A. S. Westover; G. M. Veith; K. D. Owensby; W. Y. Tsai; T. Egami

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123793

Non-linear elastic-plastic behavior of the invert glass lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON)

S. Kalnaus
, A. S. Westover
, G. M. Veith
, K. D. Owensby
, W. Y. Tsai
, T. Egami

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Micro and nano-scale mechanical behavior of network/ionic glasses is dictated by their composition and the number of constraints per structural unit. From this perspective, the glass LiPON presents the opportunity for enhancement of the microscale ductility due to its rather unconstrained orthophosphate structure. We use instrumented nanoindentation with different tip geometries to investigate the mechanical response of LiPON glass. The results reveal that the elastic modulus of LiPON is not constant and depends on pressure. With the method utilizing spherical nanoindentation and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) we determine the yield point of LiPON. We propose the Drucker-Prager type of yield criterion for LiPON and estimate its yield stress in compression as 2.4 GPa. There exists another stress threshold, however, around 490 MPa, at which the elastic deformation becomes non-linear, and this can be mistaken for the yield stress.

Original language	English
Article number	123793
Journal	Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Volume	669
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123793
State	Published - Dec 1 2025

Funding

This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for the Vehicle Technologies Office's Advanced Battery Materials Research Program. TE was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Technology Division. W-Y T was supported by French National Agency for Research (ANR) through Chaire de Professeur Junior funding and RS2E network (STORE-EX Labex Project ANR-10-LABX-76-01). This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) , Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for the Vehicle Technologies Office’s Advanced Battery Materials Research Program. TE was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Technology Division. W-Y T was supported by French National Agency for Research (ANR ) through Chaire de Professeur Junior funding and RS2E network (STORE-EX Labex Project ANR-10-LABX-76-01 ).

Keywords

Constitutive model
Glass
LiPON
Lithium ion
Mechanics
Solid electrolyte

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10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123793

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title = "Non-linear elastic-plastic behavior of the invert glass lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON)",

abstract = "Micro and nano-scale mechanical behavior of network/ionic glasses is dictated by their composition and the number of constraints per structural unit. From this perspective, the glass LiPON presents the opportunity for enhancement of the microscale ductility due to its rather unconstrained orthophosphate structure. We use instrumented nanoindentation with different tip geometries to investigate the mechanical response of LiPON glass. The results reveal that the elastic modulus of LiPON is not constant and depends on pressure. With the method utilizing spherical nanoindentation and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) we determine the yield point of LiPON. We propose the Drucker-Prager type of yield criterion for LiPON and estimate its yield stress in compression as 2.4 GPa. There exists another stress threshold, however, around 490 MPa, at which the elastic deformation becomes non-linear, and this can be mistaken for the yield stress.",

keywords = "Constitutive model, Glass, LiPON, Lithium ion, Mechanics, Solid electrolyte",

author = "S. Kalnaus and Westover, \{A. S.\} and Veith, \{G. M.\} and Owensby, \{K. D.\} and Tsai, \{W. Y.\} and T. Egami",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123793",

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AU - Kalnaus, S.

AU - Westover, A. S.

AU - Veith, G. M.

AU - Owensby, K. D.

AU - Tsai, W. Y.

AU - Egami, T.

PY - 2025/12/1

Y1 - 2025/12/1

N2 - Micro and nano-scale mechanical behavior of network/ionic glasses is dictated by their composition and the number of constraints per structural unit. From this perspective, the glass LiPON presents the opportunity for enhancement of the microscale ductility due to its rather unconstrained orthophosphate structure. We use instrumented nanoindentation with different tip geometries to investigate the mechanical response of LiPON glass. The results reveal that the elastic modulus of LiPON is not constant and depends on pressure. With the method utilizing spherical nanoindentation and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) we determine the yield point of LiPON. We propose the Drucker-Prager type of yield criterion for LiPON and estimate its yield stress in compression as 2.4 GPa. There exists another stress threshold, however, around 490 MPa, at which the elastic deformation becomes non-linear, and this can be mistaken for the yield stress.

AB - Micro and nano-scale mechanical behavior of network/ionic glasses is dictated by their composition and the number of constraints per structural unit. From this perspective, the glass LiPON presents the opportunity for enhancement of the microscale ductility due to its rather unconstrained orthophosphate structure. We use instrumented nanoindentation with different tip geometries to investigate the mechanical response of LiPON glass. The results reveal that the elastic modulus of LiPON is not constant and depends on pressure. With the method utilizing spherical nanoindentation and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) we determine the yield point of LiPON. We propose the Drucker-Prager type of yield criterion for LiPON and estimate its yield stress in compression as 2.4 GPa. There exists another stress threshold, however, around 490 MPa, at which the elastic deformation becomes non-linear, and this can be mistaken for the yield stress.

KW - Constitutive model

KW - Glass

KW - LiPON

KW - Lithium ion

KW - Mechanics

KW - Solid electrolyte

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017600747

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M3 - Article

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VL - 669

JO - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

JF - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

M1 - 123793

ER -

Non-linear elastic-plastic behavior of the invert glass lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON)

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Keywords

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