Noise Radar Approach for Interrogating SAW Sensors Using Software Defined Radio

James R. Humphries; Frederick K. Reed; Christopher P. Carmichael; Peter L. Fuhr; Timothy J. McIntyre; Arthur R. Weeks; Donald C. Malocha

doi:10.1109/JSEN.2017.2746519

Noise Radar Approach for Interrogating SAW Sensors Using Software Defined Radio

James R. Humphries, Frederick K. Reed, Christopher P. Carmichael, Peter L. Fuhr, Timothy J. McIntyre, Arthur R. Weeks, Donald C. Malocha

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Passive, wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor systems can be approached from a radar perspective, where the SAW device is thought of as a cooperative target. This paper investigates the use of a commercial-off-the-shelf software defined radio to interrogate wireless SAW sensors with a randomly generated interrogation pulse. The USRP B200mini is utilized as the transceiver platform with custom field-programmable gate array (FPGA) modifications to generate the random interrogation waveform and provide synchronization and buffering to the received signal. Each transmit sample bit in the FPGA is fed by an independent linear-feedback shift register, which generates pseudo-random I and Q samples for the interrogation pulse. An RF daughterboard has also been developed and integrated with the B200mini to increase the transmit power, provide filtering of the RF signals, and switch a signal antenna between the transmit and receive channels. Radio control and matched filter correlator post-processing are accomplished using Python. Design and implementation details for the FPGA modifications, RF daughterboard, and post-processing are discussed. The system is demonstrated by wirelessly interrogating SAW temperature sensors at 915 MHz.

Original language	English
Article number	8017542
Pages (from-to)	6760-6769
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Sensors Journal
Volume	17
Issue number	20
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2017.2746519
State	Published - Oct 15 2017

Funding

Manuscript received July 24, 2017; revised August 24, 2017; accepted August 24, 2017. Date of publication August 29, 2017; date of current version September 25, 2017. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paidup, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Kazuaki Sawada. (Corresponding author: James R. Humphries.) J. R. Humphries, F. K. Reed, P. L. Fuhr, and T. J. McIntyre are with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA (e-mail: [email protected]).

Funders	Funder number
U. S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Keywords

SAW sensor
SDR
noise radar
software radio

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10.1109/JSEN.2017.2746519

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title = "Noise Radar Approach for Interrogating SAW Sensors Using Software Defined Radio",

abstract = "Passive, wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor systems can be approached from a radar perspective, where the SAW device is thought of as a cooperative target. This paper investigates the use of a commercial-off-the-shelf software defined radio to interrogate wireless SAW sensors with a randomly generated interrogation pulse. The USRP B200mini is utilized as the transceiver platform with custom field-programmable gate array (FPGA) modifications to generate the random interrogation waveform and provide synchronization and buffering to the received signal. Each transmit sample bit in the FPGA is fed by an independent linear-feedback shift register, which generates pseudo-random I and Q samples for the interrogation pulse. An RF daughterboard has also been developed and integrated with the B200mini to increase the transmit power, provide filtering of the RF signals, and switch a signal antenna between the transmit and receive channels. Radio control and matched filter correlator post-processing are accomplished using Python. Design and implementation details for the FPGA modifications, RF daughterboard, and post-processing are discussed. The system is demonstrated by wirelessly interrogating SAW temperature sensors at 915 MHz.",

keywords = "SAW sensor, SDR, noise radar, software radio",

author = "Humphries, {James R.} and Reed, {Frederick K.} and Carmichael, {Christopher P.} and Fuhr, {Peter L.} and McIntyre, {Timothy J.} and Weeks, {Arthur R.} and Malocha, {Donald C.}",

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AB - Passive, wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor systems can be approached from a radar perspective, where the SAW device is thought of as a cooperative target. This paper investigates the use of a commercial-off-the-shelf software defined radio to interrogate wireless SAW sensors with a randomly generated interrogation pulse. The USRP B200mini is utilized as the transceiver platform with custom field-programmable gate array (FPGA) modifications to generate the random interrogation waveform and provide synchronization and buffering to the received signal. Each transmit sample bit in the FPGA is fed by an independent linear-feedback shift register, which generates pseudo-random I and Q samples for the interrogation pulse. An RF daughterboard has also been developed and integrated with the B200mini to increase the transmit power, provide filtering of the RF signals, and switch a signal antenna between the transmit and receive channels. Radio control and matched filter correlator post-processing are accomplished using Python. Design and implementation details for the FPGA modifications, RF daughterboard, and post-processing are discussed. The system is demonstrated by wirelessly interrogating SAW temperature sensors at 915 MHz.

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Noise Radar Approach for Interrogating SAW Sensors Using Software Defined Radio

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