Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels

M. Bacak; J. Valsecchi; J. Čapek; E. Polatidis; A. Kaestner; A. Arabi-Hashemi; I. Kruk; C. Leinenbach; A. M. Long; A. Tremsin; S. C. Vogel; E. B. Watkins; M. Strobl

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109009

Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels

M. Bacak
, J. Valsecchi
, J. Čapek
, E. Polatidis
, A. Kaestner
, A. Arabi-Hashemi
, I. Kruk
, C. Leinenbach
, A. M. Long
, A. Tremsin
, S. C. Vogel
, E. B. Watkins
, M. Strobl

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Neutron dark-field imaging (DFI) was used to investigate the microstructure of additive manufactured steels. Several DFI methods were combined to assess the microstructure over more than two orders of magnitude in size. Different degrees of porosity and other building features were found depending on the parameters of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process. A sample built with processing parameters yielding the lowest porosity was deformed which induced a phase transformation of the austenitic phase (fcc) into the martensitic phase (bcc). In the deformed sample an increased dark-field contrast was observed which can only be explained by accounting for the fcc-bcc phase distribution and the magnetic properties of the martensitic phase. We demonstrate that neutron dark-field imaging is well suited to not only detect build flaws like cracks but quantitatively characterize the microstructure in additive manufactured steels.

Original language	English
Article number	109009
Journal	Materials and Design
Volume	195
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109009
State	Published - Oct 2020
Externally published	Yes

Funding

The work at LANSCE was supported by the Institute for Materials Science at Los Alamos through a IMS Rapid Response grant. This work has benefitted from the use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) at Los Alamos National Laboratory . Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Triad National Security , LLC , for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number 89233218NCA000001 . This project has received funding from the Strategic Focus Area Advanced Manufacturing (SFA-AM) initiative of the ETH Board. JC? thanks for financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie grant agreement No 701647. The work at LANSCE was supported by the Institute for Materials Science at Los Alamos through a IMS Rapid Response grant. This work has benefitted from the use of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number 89233218NCA000001. This project has received funding from the Strategic Focus Area Advanced Manufacturing (SFA-AM) initiative of the ETH Board. J thanks for financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 701647 .

Keywords

Additive manufacturing
Neutron dark-field imaging

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10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109009

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Bacak, M., Valsecchi, J., Čapek, J., Polatidis, E., Kaestner, A., Arabi-Hashemi, A., Kruk, I., Leinenbach, C., Long, A. M., Tremsin, A., Vogel, S. C., Watkins, E. B., & Strobl, M. (2020). Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels. Materials and Design, 195, Article 109009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109009

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title = "Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels",

abstract = "Neutron dark-field imaging (DFI) was used to investigate the microstructure of additive manufactured steels. Several DFI methods were combined to assess the microstructure over more than two orders of magnitude in size. Different degrees of porosity and other building features were found depending on the parameters of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process. A sample built with processing parameters yielding the lowest porosity was deformed which induced a phase transformation of the austenitic phase (fcc) into the martensitic phase (bcc). In the deformed sample an increased dark-field contrast was observed which can only be explained by accounting for the fcc-bcc phase distribution and the magnetic properties of the martensitic phase. We demonstrate that neutron dark-field imaging is well suited to not only detect build flaws like cracks but quantitatively characterize the microstructure in additive manufactured steels.",

keywords = "Additive manufacturing, Neutron dark-field imaging",

author = "M. Bacak and J. Valsecchi and J. {\v C}apek and E. Polatidis and A. Kaestner and A. Arabi-Hashemi and I. Kruk and C. Leinenbach and Long, \{A. M.\} and A. Tremsin and Vogel, \{S. C.\} and Watkins, \{E. B.\} and M. Strobl",

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Bacak, M, Valsecchi, J, Čapek, J, Polatidis, E, Kaestner, A, Arabi-Hashemi, A, Kruk, I, Leinenbach, C, Long, AM, Tremsin, A, Vogel, SC, Watkins, EB & Strobl, M 2020, 'Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels', Materials and Design, vol. 195, 109009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109009

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T1 - Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels

AU - Bacak, M.

AU - Valsecchi, J.

AU - Čapek, J.

AU - Polatidis, E.

AU - Kaestner, A.

AU - Arabi-Hashemi, A.

AU - Kruk, I.

AU - Leinenbach, C.

AU - Long, A. M.

AU - Tremsin, A.

AU - Vogel, S. C.

AU - Watkins, E. B.

AU - Strobl, M.

PY - 2020/10

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N2 - Neutron dark-field imaging (DFI) was used to investigate the microstructure of additive manufactured steels. Several DFI methods were combined to assess the microstructure over more than two orders of magnitude in size. Different degrees of porosity and other building features were found depending on the parameters of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process. A sample built with processing parameters yielding the lowest porosity was deformed which induced a phase transformation of the austenitic phase (fcc) into the martensitic phase (bcc). In the deformed sample an increased dark-field contrast was observed which can only be explained by accounting for the fcc-bcc phase distribution and the magnetic properties of the martensitic phase. We demonstrate that neutron dark-field imaging is well suited to not only detect build flaws like cracks but quantitatively characterize the microstructure in additive manufactured steels.

AB - Neutron dark-field imaging (DFI) was used to investigate the microstructure of additive manufactured steels. Several DFI methods were combined to assess the microstructure over more than two orders of magnitude in size. Different degrees of porosity and other building features were found depending on the parameters of the selective laser melting additive manufacturing process. A sample built with processing parameters yielding the lowest porosity was deformed which induced a phase transformation of the austenitic phase (fcc) into the martensitic phase (bcc). In the deformed sample an increased dark-field contrast was observed which can only be explained by accounting for the fcc-bcc phase distribution and the magnetic properties of the martensitic phase. We demonstrate that neutron dark-field imaging is well suited to not only detect build flaws like cracks but quantitatively characterize the microstructure in additive manufactured steels.

KW - Additive manufacturing

KW - Neutron dark-field imaging

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JO - Materials and Design

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ER -

Neutron dark-field imaging applied to porosity and deformation-induced phase transitions in additively manufactured steels

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Keywords

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