Nanosensor-based on TiO2 nanoparticles coated with cationic surfactant for the determination of 2,4-D in fruits and vegetables

Keerthi Prabhu; Shweta J. Malode; Kunal Mondal; Nagaraj P. Shetti; Abdullah N. Alodhayb; Saravanan Pandiaraj

doi:10.1007/s42247-024-00703-3

Nanosensor-based on TiO₂ nanoparticles coated with cationic surfactant for the determination of 2,4-D in fruits and vegetables

Keerthi Prabhu
, Shweta J. Malode
, Kunal Mondal
, Nagaraj P. Shetti
, Abdullah N. Alodhayb
, Saravanan Pandiaraj

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study engineered an electrochemical electrode designed for the susceptible detection of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) through sophisticated electrochemical methodologies. The electrode, denoted as CTAB/TiO₂-CPE, was synthesized by integrating titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles into a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and introducing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant to the electrolyte solution. Comparative analysis revealed that the CTAB/TiO₂-CPE exhibited superior sensitivity compared to the unmodified CPE, showcasing an impressive lower limit of detection at 0.23 × 10⁻⁸ M. A meticulous examination of pH influence demonstrated that the phosphate buffer saline (PB) induced the highest peak current at a pH of 3.0. Exploring scan rate variations enabled the quantitative assessment of various physicochemical attributes. The fabricated electrode was systematically employed to quantify 2,4-D levels across diverse environmental samples, including soil, fruits, vegetables, and water. The results, characterized by a high degree of precision, underscore the reliability of the proposed electrode, demonstrating a commendable success rate in sample recoveries.

Original language	English
Article number	132086
Pages (from-to)	1121-1137
Number of pages	17
Journal	Emergent Materials
Volume	8
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-024-00703-3
State	Published - Feb 2025
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Dr. Nagaraj P. Shetti thanks the Government of India’s SERB for assisting with a research grant with project number SRG/2022/001174. Dr. Shweta J. Malode acknowledges VGST, Government of Karnataka, for the research grant in RGS-F scheme with GRD No. 1071. Prof. Abdullah N. Alodhayb acknowledges Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R304), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Keywords

2,4-D
Cationic surfactant
Electro-degradation
Electroanalysis
Sample analysis
TiO nanoparticles

Access to Document

10.1007/s42247-024-00703-3

Cite this

@article{f8850da5ca8d47b39048527611df7761,

title = "Nanosensor-based on TiO2 nanoparticles coated with cationic surfactant for the determination of 2,4-D in fruits and vegetables",

abstract = "This study engineered an electrochemical electrode designed for the susceptible detection of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) through sophisticated electrochemical methodologies. The electrode, denoted as CTAB/TiO2-CPE, was synthesized by integrating titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles into a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and introducing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant to the electrolyte solution. Comparative analysis revealed that the CTAB/TiO2-CPE exhibited superior sensitivity compared to the unmodified CPE, showcasing an impressive lower limit of detection at 0.23 × 10−8 M. A meticulous examination of pH influence demonstrated that the phosphate buffer saline (PB) induced the highest peak current at a pH of 3.0. Exploring scan rate variations enabled the quantitative assessment of various physicochemical attributes. The fabricated electrode was systematically employed to quantify 2,4-D levels across diverse environmental samples, including soil, fruits, vegetables, and water. The results, characterized by a high degree of precision, underscore the reliability of the proposed electrode, demonstrating a commendable success rate in sample recoveries.",

keywords = "2,4-D, Cationic surfactant, Electro-degradation, Electroanalysis, Sample analysis, TiO nanoparticles",

author = "Keerthi Prabhu and Malode, \{Shweta J.\} and Kunal Mondal and Shetti, \{Nagaraj P.\} and Alodhayb, \{Abdullah N.\} and Saravanan Pandiaraj",

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T1 - Nanosensor-based on TiO2 nanoparticles coated with cationic surfactant for the determination of 2,4-D in fruits and vegetables

AU - Prabhu, Keerthi

AU - Malode, Shweta J.

AU - Mondal, Kunal

AU - Shetti, Nagaraj P.

AU - Alodhayb, Abdullah N.

AU - Pandiaraj, Saravanan

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

PY - 2025/2

Y1 - 2025/2

N2 - This study engineered an electrochemical electrode designed for the susceptible detection of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) through sophisticated electrochemical methodologies. The electrode, denoted as CTAB/TiO2-CPE, was synthesized by integrating titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles into a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and introducing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant to the electrolyte solution. Comparative analysis revealed that the CTAB/TiO2-CPE exhibited superior sensitivity compared to the unmodified CPE, showcasing an impressive lower limit of detection at 0.23 × 10−8 M. A meticulous examination of pH influence demonstrated that the phosphate buffer saline (PB) induced the highest peak current at a pH of 3.0. Exploring scan rate variations enabled the quantitative assessment of various physicochemical attributes. The fabricated electrode was systematically employed to quantify 2,4-D levels across diverse environmental samples, including soil, fruits, vegetables, and water. The results, characterized by a high degree of precision, underscore the reliability of the proposed electrode, demonstrating a commendable success rate in sample recoveries.

AB - This study engineered an electrochemical electrode designed for the susceptible detection of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) through sophisticated electrochemical methodologies. The electrode, denoted as CTAB/TiO2-CPE, was synthesized by integrating titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles into a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and introducing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant to the electrolyte solution. Comparative analysis revealed that the CTAB/TiO2-CPE exhibited superior sensitivity compared to the unmodified CPE, showcasing an impressive lower limit of detection at 0.23 × 10−8 M. A meticulous examination of pH influence demonstrated that the phosphate buffer saline (PB) induced the highest peak current at a pH of 3.0. Exploring scan rate variations enabled the quantitative assessment of various physicochemical attributes. The fabricated electrode was systematically employed to quantify 2,4-D levels across diverse environmental samples, including soil, fruits, vegetables, and water. The results, characterized by a high degree of precision, underscore the reliability of the proposed electrode, demonstrating a commendable success rate in sample recoveries.

KW - 2,4-D

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KW - Electro-degradation

KW - Electroanalysis

KW - Sample analysis

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