Abstract
Distributed, wasted, or stranded feedstocks, when converted and upgraded into fuels, could replace about 6% of the U.S. demand for liquid fuels, which is about 25% of the net import of petroleum by the United States. We review the current state of modular approaches for conversion of these feedstocks, including the technology and economics associated with processing carbon-containing waste and stranded, carbon-containing gas. The wide geographic distribution of the feedstocks will require technology that can be scaled down effectively and that can be manufactured, installed, operated and monitored in ways that gain economies of mass production rather than economies of throughput scaling. This article is categorized under: Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Research & Innovation > Systems and Infrastructure.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e308 |
Journal | Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment |
Volume | 7 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 1 2018 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
information Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Grant/Award Number: DE-AC05-76RLO1830; Argonne National Laboratory, Grant/Award Number: DE-AC02-06CH11357; Ames Laboratory, Grant/Award Number: DE-AC02-07CH11358; Bioeconomy Institute of Iowa State University; Bioenergy Technologies Office; U.S. Department of EnergyThe workshop was funded by contributions from the U.S. Department of Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office and the Bioeconomy Institute of Iowa State University. We are grateful to all the participants, including these speakers: Mark Gaalswyk (Easy Energy Solutions), Bruce Rittmann (Arizona State University), Robert Brown, and Mark Mba Wright (Iowa State University), Charles Hamstra (City of Phoenix), S. Jack Hu (University of Michigan), Laurel Harmon (LanzaTech) for their input. We are grateful to two colleagues at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Charles Freeman and Gregg Whyatt, for providing the impetus for refining the comparison of modular and stick-built economics. We are also grateful to the reviewers for their thorough and constructive criticism of earlier drafts of this work. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. C.J.J. thanks Ames Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358, and Argonne National Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne LLC under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for their support. The workshop was funded by contributions from the U.S. Department of Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office and the Bioeconomy Institute of Iowa State University. We are grateful to all the participants, including these speakers: Mark Gaals-wyk (Easy Energy Solutions), Bruce Rittmann (Arizona State University), Robert Brown, and Mark Mba Wright (Iowa State University), Charles Hamstra (City of Phoenix), S. Jack Hu (University of Michigan), Laurel Harmon (LanzaTech) for their input. We are grateful to two colleagues at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Charles Freeman and Gregg Whyatt, for providing the impetus for refining the comparison of modular and stick-built economics. We are also grateful to the reviewers for their thorough and constructive criticism of earlier drafts of this work. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. C.J.J. thanks Ames Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358, and Argonne National Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne LLC under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 for their support.
Keywords
- distributed manufacturing
- manufacturing learning
- modular manufacturing
- process intensification
- waste to chemicals
- waste to energy