@article{3b0fdcad309f401fad9f133719c1e8e4,
title = "Modification of an automated liquid-handling system for reagent-jet, nanoliter-level dispensing",
abstract = "Reducing the scale of biochemical reactions is becoming commonplace. Examples include the screening of large libraries of chemical compounds or gene sequences. These applications demand the ability to transfer sub-microliter volumes of fluid. To this end, we have modified a Hamilton{\textregistered} MICROLAB{\textregistered} 2200 with high-speed solenoids and a liquid pressurization system to modulate volume delivery down to the nanoliter level. Additional modifications include the use of sapphire-tipped dispensing nozzles and a high-resolution substage to assist in the construction of DNA microarrays. Techniques for characterizing the dispensed volume are presented.",
author = "{Steven Hicks}, J. and Harker, {B. W.} and Beattie, {K. L.} and Doktycz, {M. J.}",
year = "2001",
doi = "10.2144/01304rr05",
language = "English",
volume = "30",
pages = "878--885",
journal = "BioTechniques",
issn = "0736-6205",
publisher = "Future Science Group",
number = "4",
}