Minimizing Toxicity and Optimizing Lubricity of Ionic Liquids for Eco-Friendly Lubrication

Xin He; Huimin Luo; Teresa J. Mathews; Louise Stevenson; Thomas J. Geeza; Chanaka Kumara; Harry M. Meyer; Jun Qu

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06194

Minimizing Toxicity and Optimizing Lubricity of Ionic Liquids for Eco-Friendly Lubrication

Xin He, Huimin Luo, Teresa J. Mathews, Louise Stevenson, Thomas J. Geeza, Chanaka Kumara, Harry M. Meyer, Jun Qu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

As much as 60 million liters of lubricating fluids end up in the environment annually, and thus, the environmental impact of lubricants is increasingly recognized in addition to meeting the rheological and tribological requirements. Although US Environmental Protection Agency-approved environmentally acceptable base fluids are available, there is a lack of additives that are both nontoxic and effective in wear protection. This study reports the successful development of a new class of ionic liquids (ILs) with demonstrated significantly lower aquatic toxicity and superior friction reduction and wear protection capabilities compared with a commercial lubricant additive and some ILs reported in the literature. Specifically, ammonium phosphate and phosphonium phosphate ILs with four-carbon alkyls have been identified with balanced oil solubility, thermal stability, toxicity, and lubricity, which provide fundamental insights for future development of eco-friendly ILs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4344-4355
Number of pages	12
Journal	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
Volume	12
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06194
State	Published - Mar 18 2024

Funding

The authors thank J. Dyck and E. Conrad from Solvay for providing some ILs and phosphonium cation feedstocks, M. Greaves from Dow Chemical for providing the PAG and OSP, E. Bardasz from Lubrizol for providing the ZDDP, D. Coffey from ORNL for STEM sample preparation, G. Morris and A. Fortner from ORNL for ecotoxicology lab support, and M. Brady from ORNL for manuscript review and discussion. The research was supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office and Water Power Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy (DOE), and ORNL Technology Innovation Program. Electron microscopy characterization was in part performed at ORNL’s Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, DOE Basic Energy Sciences.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Basic Energy Sciences
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Water Power Technologies Office

Keywords

aquatic toxicity
environmentally acceptable
ionic liquids
lubricant additives

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10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06194

Cite this

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title = "Minimizing Toxicity and Optimizing Lubricity of Ionic Liquids for Eco-Friendly Lubrication",

abstract = "As much as 60 million liters of lubricating fluids end up in the environment annually, and thus, the environmental impact of lubricants is increasingly recognized in addition to meeting the rheological and tribological requirements. Although US Environmental Protection Agency-approved environmentally acceptable base fluids are available, there is a lack of additives that are both nontoxic and effective in wear protection. This study reports the successful development of a new class of ionic liquids (ILs) with demonstrated significantly lower aquatic toxicity and superior friction reduction and wear protection capabilities compared with a commercial lubricant additive and some ILs reported in the literature. Specifically, ammonium phosphate and phosphonium phosphate ILs with four-carbon alkyls have been identified with balanced oil solubility, thermal stability, toxicity, and lubricity, which provide fundamental insights for future development of eco-friendly ILs.",

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AU - He, Xin

AU - Luo, Huimin

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AU - Stevenson, Louise

AU - Geeza, Thomas J.

AU - Kumara, Chanaka

AU - Meyer, Harry M.

AU - Qu, Jun

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AB - As much as 60 million liters of lubricating fluids end up in the environment annually, and thus, the environmental impact of lubricants is increasingly recognized in addition to meeting the rheological and tribological requirements. Although US Environmental Protection Agency-approved environmentally acceptable base fluids are available, there is a lack of additives that are both nontoxic and effective in wear protection. This study reports the successful development of a new class of ionic liquids (ILs) with demonstrated significantly lower aquatic toxicity and superior friction reduction and wear protection capabilities compared with a commercial lubricant additive and some ILs reported in the literature. Specifically, ammonium phosphate and phosphonium phosphate ILs with four-carbon alkyls have been identified with balanced oil solubility, thermal stability, toxicity, and lubricity, which provide fundamental insights for future development of eco-friendly ILs.

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Minimizing Toxicity and Optimizing Lubricity of Ionic Liquids for Eco-Friendly Lubrication

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Keywords

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