Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms in a heat-treated additively manufactured Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy

Richard A. Michi; Kevin Sisco; Sumit Bahl; Lawrence F. Allard; Karla B. Wagner; Jonathan D. Poplawsky; Donovan N. Leonard; Ryan R. Dehoff; Alex Plotkowski; Amit Shyam

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2022.142928

Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms in a heat-treated additively manufactured Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy

Richard A. Michi, Kevin Sisco, Sumit Bahl, Lawrence F. Allard, Karla B. Wagner, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Donovan N. Leonard, Ryan R. Dehoff, Alex Plotkowski, Amit Shyam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

27 Scopus citations

Abstract

The microstructural and strength evolution of an additively manufactured Al-8.6Cu-0.5Mn-0.9Zr alloy upon aging at 300, 350, and 400 °C is investigated. The strengthening phases of the alloy evolve significantly upon aging, with breakdown and spheroidization of the interconnected θ-Al₂Cu network, dissolution of metastable θ'-Al₂Cu precipitates, and precipitation of nanometric L1₂-Al₃Zr from a matrix supersaturated in Zr. In the peak-aged states, the alloy displays a favorable combination of strength and ductility, with a room-temperature yield strength of 314–341 MPa and ductility of 11–13%. The measured yield strengths for microstructures with different aging treatments are compared to predictions of yield strengths from grain boundary, solid solution, and particle strengthening contributions. The observed strain hardening behavior is related to fundamental precipitate and dislocation interactions. Comparison between predicted and measured strength values indicates a continued need for strengthening models specifically developed for the heterogeneous microstructures of additively manufactured alloys.

Original language	English
Article number	142928
Journal	Materials Science and Engineering: A
Volume	840
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.142928
State	Published - Apr 18 2022

Funding

Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan ( https://www.energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan ). Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://www.energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

Funders	Funder number
DOE Public Access Plan
United States Government
U.S. Department of Energy

Keywords

Additive manufacturing
Aluminum alloys
Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy
Strain hardening
Strengthening mechanisms

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.msea.2022.142928

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Michi, R. A., Sisco, K., Bahl, S., Allard, L. F., Wagner, K. B., Poplawsky, J. D., Leonard, D. N., Dehoff, R. R., Plotkowski, A., & Shyam, A. (2022). Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms in a heat-treated additively manufactured Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 840, Article 142928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.142928

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title = "Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms in a heat-treated additively manufactured Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy",

abstract = "The microstructural and strength evolution of an additively manufactured Al-8.6Cu-0.5Mn-0.9Zr alloy upon aging at 300, 350, and 400 °C is investigated. The strengthening phases of the alloy evolve significantly upon aging, with breakdown and spheroidization of the interconnected θ-Al2Cu network, dissolution of metastable θ'-Al2Cu precipitates, and precipitation of nanometric L12-Al3Zr from a matrix supersaturated in Zr. In the peak-aged states, the alloy displays a favorable combination of strength and ductility, with a room-temperature yield strength of 314–341 MPa and ductility of 11–13%. The measured yield strengths for microstructures with different aging treatments are compared to predictions of yield strengths from grain boundary, solid solution, and particle strengthening contributions. The observed strain hardening behavior is related to fundamental precipitate and dislocation interactions. Comparison between predicted and measured strength values indicates a continued need for strengthening models specifically developed for the heterogeneous microstructures of additively manufactured alloys.",

keywords = "Additive manufacturing, Aluminum alloys, Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy, Strain hardening, Strengthening mechanisms",

author = "Michi, {Richard A.} and Kevin Sisco and Sumit Bahl and Allard, {Lawrence F.} and Wagner, {Karla B.} and Poplawsky, {Jonathan D.} and Leonard, {Donovan N.} and Dehoff, {Ryan R.} and Alex Plotkowski and Amit Shyam",

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year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1016/j.msea.2022.142928",

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AU - Michi, Richard A.

AU - Sisco, Kevin

AU - Bahl, Sumit

AU - Allard, Lawrence F.

AU - Wagner, Karla B.

AU - Poplawsky, Jonathan D.

AU - Leonard, Donovan N.

AU - Dehoff, Ryan R.

AU - Plotkowski, Alex

AU - Shyam, Amit

PY - 2022/4/18

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N2 - The microstructural and strength evolution of an additively manufactured Al-8.6Cu-0.5Mn-0.9Zr alloy upon aging at 300, 350, and 400 °C is investigated. The strengthening phases of the alloy evolve significantly upon aging, with breakdown and spheroidization of the interconnected θ-Al2Cu network, dissolution of metastable θ'-Al2Cu precipitates, and precipitation of nanometric L12-Al3Zr from a matrix supersaturated in Zr. In the peak-aged states, the alloy displays a favorable combination of strength and ductility, with a room-temperature yield strength of 314–341 MPa and ductility of 11–13%. The measured yield strengths for microstructures with different aging treatments are compared to predictions of yield strengths from grain boundary, solid solution, and particle strengthening contributions. The observed strain hardening behavior is related to fundamental precipitate and dislocation interactions. Comparison between predicted and measured strength values indicates a continued need for strengthening models specifically developed for the heterogeneous microstructures of additively manufactured alloys.

AB - The microstructural and strength evolution of an additively manufactured Al-8.6Cu-0.5Mn-0.9Zr alloy upon aging at 300, 350, and 400 °C is investigated. The strengthening phases of the alloy evolve significantly upon aging, with breakdown and spheroidization of the interconnected θ-Al2Cu network, dissolution of metastable θ'-Al2Cu precipitates, and precipitation of nanometric L12-Al3Zr from a matrix supersaturated in Zr. In the peak-aged states, the alloy displays a favorable combination of strength and ductility, with a room-temperature yield strength of 314–341 MPa and ductility of 11–13%. The measured yield strengths for microstructures with different aging treatments are compared to predictions of yield strengths from grain boundary, solid solution, and particle strengthening contributions. The observed strain hardening behavior is related to fundamental precipitate and dislocation interactions. Comparison between predicted and measured strength values indicates a continued need for strengthening models specifically developed for the heterogeneous microstructures of additively manufactured alloys.

KW - Additive manufacturing

KW - Aluminum alloys

KW - Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy

KW - Strain hardening

KW - Strengthening mechanisms

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JO - Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms in a heat-treated additively manufactured Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy

Abstract

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Keywords

UN SDGs

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