Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV

ALICE Collaboration

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137782

Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions at s_NN=8.16 TeV

ALICE Collaboration

Relativistic Nuclear Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

The study of the azimuthal anisotropy of inclusive muons produced in p–Pb collisions at s_NN=8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The measurement of the second-order Fourier coefficient of the particle azimuthal distribution, v₂, is performed as a function of transverse momentum p_T in the 0–20% high-multiplicity interval at both forward (2.03<y_CMS<3.53) and backward (−4.46<y_CMS<−2.96) rapidities over a wide p_T range, 0.5<p_T<10 GeV/c, in which a dominant contribution of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is expected at p_T>2 GeV/c. The v₂ coefficient of inclusive muons is extracted using two different techniques, namely two-particle cumulants, used for the first time for heavy-flavour measurements, and forward–central two-particle correlations. Both techniques give compatible results. A positive v₂ is measured at both forward and backward rapidities with a significance larger than 4.7σ and 7.6σ, respectively, in the interval 2<p_T<6 GeV/c. Comparisons with previous measurements in p–Pb collisions at s_NN=5.02 TeV, and with AMPT and CGC-based theoretical calculations are discussed. The findings impose new constraints on the theoretical interpretations of the origin of the collective behaviour in small collision systems.

Original language	English
Article number	137782
Journal	Physics Letters B
Volume	846
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137782
State	Published - Nov 10 2023

Funding

The authors would like to extend special thanks to Shu-Yi Wei for providing the CGC calculations and fruitful discussions. The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [M 2467-N36] and Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, within the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2020–2027 (object CERN), Bulgaria; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences, the Villum Fonden and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics and University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF), Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. In addition, individual groups or members have received support from: Marie Skłodowska Curie, European Research Council, Strong 2020 - Horizon 2020 (grant nos. 950692, 824093, 896850), European Union; Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Quark Matter) (grant nos. 346327, 346328), Finland; Programa de Apoyos para la Superación del Personal Académico, UNAM, Mexico. The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences , Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [ M 2467-N36 ] and Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung , Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center , Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science , within the National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2020–2027 (object CERN), Bulgaria; Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China; Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation , Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic , Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences , the Villum Fonden and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology , Ministry of Education, Research and Religions , Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office , Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission , Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN , Indonesia; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI , Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología , through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway , Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú , Peru; Ministry of Education and Science , National Science Centre and WUT ID-UB , Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research , Institute of Atomic Physics , Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics and University Politehnica of Bucharest , Romania; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic , Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research , Switzerland; Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF), Thailand; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy , Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America. In addition, individual groups or members have received support from: Marie Skłodowska Curie , European Research Council , Strong 2020 - Horizon 2020 (grant nos. 950692 , 824093 , 896850 ), European Union; Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence in Quark Matter) (grant nos. 346327 , 346328 ), Finland; Programa de Apoyos para la Superación del Personal Académico , UNAM , Mexico.

Funders	Funder number
General Secretariat for Research and Technology , Ministry of Education, Research and Religions
General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Institute of Atomic Physics and University Politehnica of Bucharest
Ministry of Communications and High Technologies
Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic , Czech Republic
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
Ministry of Science and Education and Croatian Science Foundation
NSRF
National Nuclear Research Center
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund
State Committee of Science and World Federation
University Grants Commission , Government of India
University Grants Commission, Government of India
Villum Fonden and Danish National Research Foundation
WUT ID-UB
Yerevan Physics Institute
U.S. Department of Energy
Nuclear Physics
Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd
Ministry of Education and Science
Österreichische Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung
CERN
Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Science and Technology Facilities Council
European Commission
European Research Council
National Research Foundation
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
University Grants Commission
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Academy of Finland	346328, 346327
Academy of Finland
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Austrian Science Fund	M 2467-N36
Austrian Science Fund
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
National Research Foundation of Korea
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
National Science and Technology Development Agency
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Suranaree University of Technology
Vetenskapsrådet
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Norges Forskningsråd
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Ministry of Education and Science
Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Horizon 2020	896850, 824093, 950692
Horizon 2020
Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation
Thailand Science Research and Innovation
Institutul de Fizică Atomică
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear

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10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137782

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@article{577bbadc54994ccf95f1352a391ebb1e,

title = "Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV",

abstract = "The study of the azimuthal anisotropy of inclusive muons produced in p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The measurement of the second-order Fourier coefficient of the particle azimuthal distribution, v2, is performed as a function of transverse momentum pT in the 0–20% high-multiplicity interval at both forward (2.03CMS<3.53) and backward (−4.46CMS<−2.96) rapidities over a wide pT range, 0.5T<10 GeV/c, in which a dominant contribution of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is expected at pT>2 GeV/c. The v2 coefficient of inclusive muons is extracted using two different techniques, namely two-particle cumulants, used for the first time for heavy-flavour measurements, and forward–central two-particle correlations. Both techniques give compatible results. A positive v2 is measured at both forward and backward rapidities with a significance larger than 4.7σ and 7.6σ, respectively, in the interval 2T<6 GeV/c. Comparisons with previous measurements in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV, and with AMPT and CGC-based theoretical calculations are discussed. The findings impose new constraints on the theoretical interpretations of the origin of the collective behaviour in small collision systems.",

author = "{ALICE Collaboration} and S. Acharya and D. Adamov{\'a} and A. Adler and {Aglieri Rinella}, G. and M. Agnello and N. Agrawal and Z. Ahammed and S. Ahmad and Ahn, {S. U.} and I. Ahuja and A. Akindinov and M. Al-Turany and D. Aleksandrov and B. Alessandro and Alfanda, {H. M.} and {Alfaro Molina}, R. and B. Ali and A. Alici and N. Alizadehvandchali and A. Alkin and J. Alme and G. Alocco and T. Alt and I. Altsybeev and Anaam, {M. N.} and C. Andrei and A. Andronic and V. Anguelov and F. Antinori and P. Antonioli and N. Apadula and L. Aphecetche and H. Appelsh{\"a}user and C. Arata and S. Arcelli and M. Aresti and R. Arnaldi and Arsene, {I. C.} and M. Arslandok and A. Augustinus and R. Averbeck and Azmi, {M. D.} and A. Badal{\`a} and J. Bae and Baek, {Y. W.} and X. Bai and R. Bailhache and F. Bock and Read, {K. F.} and Schmidt, {N. V.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 European Organization for Nuclear Research",

year = "2023",

month = nov,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137782",

language = "English",

volume = "846",

journal = "Physics Letters B",

issn = "0370-2693",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV

AU - ALICE Collaboration

AU - Acharya, S.

AU - Adamová, D.

AU - Adler, A.

AU - Aglieri Rinella, G.

AU - Agnello, M.

AU - Agrawal, N.

AU - Ahammed, Z.

AU - Ahmad, S.

AU - Ahn, S. U.

AU - Ahuja, I.

AU - Akindinov, A.

AU - Al-Turany, M.

AU - Aleksandrov, D.

AU - Alessandro, B.

AU - Alfanda, H. M.

AU - Alfaro Molina, R.

AU - Ali, B.

AU - Alici, A.

AU - Alizadehvandchali, N.

AU - Alkin, A.

AU - Alme, J.

AU - Alocco, G.

AU - Alt, T.

AU - Altsybeev, I.

AU - Anaam, M. N.

AU - Andrei, C.

AU - Andronic, A.

AU - Anguelov, V.

AU - Antinori, F.

AU - Antonioli, P.

AU - Apadula, N.

AU - Aphecetche, L.

AU - Appelshäuser, H.

AU - Arata, C.

AU - Arcelli, S.

AU - Aresti, M.

AU - Arnaldi, R.

AU - Arsene, I. C.

AU - Arslandok, M.

AU - Augustinus, A.

AU - Averbeck, R.

AU - Azmi, M. D.

AU - Badalà, A.

AU - Bae, J.

AU - Baek, Y. W.

AU - Bai, X.

AU - Bailhache, R.

AU - Bock, F.

AU - Read, K. F.

AU - Schmidt, N. V.

PY - 2023/11/10

Y1 - 2023/11/10

N2 - The study of the azimuthal anisotropy of inclusive muons produced in p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The measurement of the second-order Fourier coefficient of the particle azimuthal distribution, v2, is performed as a function of transverse momentum pT in the 0–20% high-multiplicity interval at both forward (2.03CMS<3.53) and backward (−4.46CMS<−2.96) rapidities over a wide pT range, 0.5T<10 GeV/c, in which a dominant contribution of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is expected at pT>2 GeV/c. The v2 coefficient of inclusive muons is extracted using two different techniques, namely two-particle cumulants, used for the first time for heavy-flavour measurements, and forward–central two-particle correlations. Both techniques give compatible results. A positive v2 is measured at both forward and backward rapidities with a significance larger than 4.7σ and 7.6σ, respectively, in the interval 2T<6 GeV/c. Comparisons with previous measurements in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV, and with AMPT and CGC-based theoretical calculations are discussed. The findings impose new constraints on the theoretical interpretations of the origin of the collective behaviour in small collision systems.

AB - The study of the azimuthal anisotropy of inclusive muons produced in p–Pb collisions at sNN=8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The measurement of the second-order Fourier coefficient of the particle azimuthal distribution, v2, is performed as a function of transverse momentum pT in the 0–20% high-multiplicity interval at both forward (2.03CMS<3.53) and backward (−4.46CMS<−2.96) rapidities over a wide pT range, 0.5T<10 GeV/c, in which a dominant contribution of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is expected at pT>2 GeV/c. The v2 coefficient of inclusive muons is extracted using two different techniques, namely two-particle cumulants, used for the first time for heavy-flavour measurements, and forward–central two-particle correlations. Both techniques give compatible results. A positive v2 is measured at both forward and backward rapidities with a significance larger than 4.7σ and 7.6σ, respectively, in the interval 2T<6 GeV/c. Comparisons with previous measurements in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV, and with AMPT and CGC-based theoretical calculations are discussed. The findings impose new constraints on the theoretical interpretations of the origin of the collective behaviour in small collision systems.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85172706094&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137782

DO - 10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137782

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85172706094

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 846

JO - Physics Letters B

JF - Physics Letters B

M1 - 137782

ER -

Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions at s_NN=8.16 TeV

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