Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF2(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments

D. R. Tovey; V. Kudryavtsev; M. Lehner; I. E. McMillan; C. D. Peak; J. W. Roberts; N. J.C. Spooner; J. D. Lewin

doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1

Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF₂(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments

D. R. Tovey
, V. Kudryavtsev
, M. Lehner
, I. E. McMillan
, C. D. Peak
, J. W. Roberts
, N. J.C. Spooner
, J. D. Lewin

Nuclear Science and Engineering Division

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

Measurements have been performed with a 2.85 MeV mono-energetic neutron beam of relative scintillation efficiency and pulse-shape for nuclear and electron recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF₂(Eu). Scintillation efficiencies in NaI(Tl) relative to 60 keV gamma events were found to be 27.5 ± 1.8% for Na recoils (recoil energy E_rec > 4 kcV) and 8.6 ± 0.7% for I recoils (E_rec > 10 keV). Relative scintillation efficiencies in CaF₂(Eu) for Ca and F recoils show some evidence for a fall with energy (17% to 8% for F) for 10 keV < E_rec < 100 keV. Pulse-shape analysis of NaI(Tl) data gives a mean photo-electron arrival time 〈t̄_i〉 of 263 ± 15 ns for Na events (visible energy E_vis in the range 2-8 keV and 272 ± 10 ns for I events (2 keV < E_vis < 5 keV). The 〈t̄_i〉 of 4 keV < E_vis < 54 keV electron events in NaI(Tl) is found to rise with energy (320 ns to 440 ns). Similar analysis of CaF₂(Eu) data shows 〈t̄_i〉 for 2 keV < E_vis < 33 keV Ca, F and electron events to rise with energy (660 ns to 850 ns) with no evidence for pulse-shape differences.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	150-155
Number of pages	6
Journal	Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
Volume	433
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1
State	Published - Aug 6 1998

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Tovey, D. R., Kudryavtsev, V., Lehner, M., McMillan, I. E., Peak, C. D., Roberts, J. W., Spooner, N. J. C., & Lewin, J. D. (1998). Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF₂(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments. Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, 433(1-2), 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1

@article{05ba74ec1bc5428fbcbd5587ee9fa365,

title = "Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF2(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments",

abstract = "Measurements have been performed with a 2.85 MeV mono-energetic neutron beam of relative scintillation efficiency and pulse-shape for nuclear and electron recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF2(Eu). Scintillation efficiencies in NaI(Tl) relative to 60 keV gamma events were found to be 27.5 ± 1.8\% for Na recoils (recoil energy Erec > 4 kcV) and 8.6 ± 0.7\% for I recoils (Erec > 10 keV). Relative scintillation efficiencies in CaF2(Eu) for Ca and F recoils show some evidence for a fall with energy (17\% to 8\% for F) for 10 keV < Erec < 100 keV. Pulse-shape analysis of NaI(Tl) data gives a mean photo-electron arrival time 〈{\=t}i〉 of 263 ± 15 ns for Na events (visible energy Evis in the range 2-8 keV and 272 ± 10 ns for I events (2 keV < Evis < 5 keV). The 〈{\=t}i〉 of 4 keV < Evis < 54 keV electron events in NaI(Tl) is found to rise with energy (320 ns to 440 ns). Similar analysis of CaF2(Eu) data shows 〈{\=t}i〉 for 2 keV < Evis < 33 keV Ca, F and electron events to rise with energy (660 ns to 850 ns) with no evidence for pulse-shape differences.",

author = "Tovey, \{D. R.\} and V. Kudryavtsev and M. Lehner and McMillan, \{I. E.\} and Peak, \{C. D.\} and Roberts, \{J. W.\} and Spooner, \{N. J.C.\} and Lewin, \{J. D.\}",

year = "1998",

month = aug,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1",

language = "English",

volume = "433",

pages = "150--155",

journal = "Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics",

issn = "0370-2693",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "1-2",

}

Tovey, DR, Kudryavtsev, V, Lehner, M, McMillan, IE, Peak, CD, Roberts, JW, Spooner, NJC & Lewin, JD 1998, 'Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF₂(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments', Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, vol. 433, no. 1-2, pp. 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1

Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF₂(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments. / Tovey, D. R.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Lehner, M. et al.
In: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, Vol. 433, No. 1-2, 06.08.1998, p. 150-155.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF2(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments

AU - Tovey, D. R.

AU - Kudryavtsev, V.

AU - Lehner, M.

AU - McMillan, I. E.

AU - Peak, C. D.

AU - Roberts, J. W.

AU - Spooner, N. J.C.

AU - Lewin, J. D.

PY - 1998/8/6

Y1 - 1998/8/6

N2 - Measurements have been performed with a 2.85 MeV mono-energetic neutron beam of relative scintillation efficiency and pulse-shape for nuclear and electron recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF2(Eu). Scintillation efficiencies in NaI(Tl) relative to 60 keV gamma events were found to be 27.5 ± 1.8% for Na recoils (recoil energy Erec > 4 kcV) and 8.6 ± 0.7% for I recoils (Erec > 10 keV). Relative scintillation efficiencies in CaF2(Eu) for Ca and F recoils show some evidence for a fall with energy (17% to 8% for F) for 10 keV < Erec < 100 keV. Pulse-shape analysis of NaI(Tl) data gives a mean photo-electron arrival time 〈t̄i〉 of 263 ± 15 ns for Na events (visible energy Evis in the range 2-8 keV and 272 ± 10 ns for I events (2 keV < Evis < 5 keV). The 〈t̄i〉 of 4 keV < Evis < 54 keV electron events in NaI(Tl) is found to rise with energy (320 ns to 440 ns). Similar analysis of CaF2(Eu) data shows 〈t̄i〉 for 2 keV < Evis < 33 keV Ca, F and electron events to rise with energy (660 ns to 850 ns) with no evidence for pulse-shape differences.

AB - Measurements have been performed with a 2.85 MeV mono-energetic neutron beam of relative scintillation efficiency and pulse-shape for nuclear and electron recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF2(Eu). Scintillation efficiencies in NaI(Tl) relative to 60 keV gamma events were found to be 27.5 ± 1.8% for Na recoils (recoil energy Erec > 4 kcV) and 8.6 ± 0.7% for I recoils (Erec > 10 keV). Relative scintillation efficiencies in CaF2(Eu) for Ca and F recoils show some evidence for a fall with energy (17% to 8% for F) for 10 keV < Erec < 100 keV. Pulse-shape analysis of NaI(Tl) data gives a mean photo-electron arrival time 〈t̄i〉 of 263 ± 15 ns for Na events (visible energy Evis in the range 2-8 keV and 272 ± 10 ns for I events (2 keV < Evis < 5 keV). The 〈t̄i〉 of 4 keV < Evis < 54 keV electron events in NaI(Tl) is found to rise with energy (320 ns to 440 ns). Similar analysis of CaF2(Eu) data shows 〈t̄i〉 for 2 keV < Evis < 33 keV Ca, F and electron events to rise with energy (660 ns to 850 ns) with no evidence for pulse-shape differences.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0347594240

U2 - 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1

DO - 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00643-1

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0347594240

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 433

SP - 150

EP - 155

JO - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

JF - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

IS - 1-2

ER -

Measurement of scintillation efficiencies and pulse-shapes for nuclear recoils in NaI(Tl) and CaF₂(Eu) at low energies for dark matter experiments

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