Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering

D. Wang; K. Pan; R. Subedi; X. Deng; Z. Ahmed; K. Allada; K. A. Aniol; D. S. Armstrong; J. Arrington; V. Bellini; R. Beminiwattha; J. Benesch; F. Benmokhtar; W. Bertozzi; A. Camsonne; M. Canan; G. D. Cates; J. P. Chen; E. Chudakov; E. Cisbani; M. M. Dalton; C. W. De Jager; R. De Leo; W. Deconinck; A. Deur; C. Dutta; L. El Fassi; J. Erler; D. Flay; G. B. Franklin; M. Friend; S. Frullani; F. Garibaldi; S. Gilad; A. Giusa; A. Glamazdin; S. Golge; K. Grimm; K. Hafidi; J. O. Hansen; D. W. Higinbotham; R. Holmes; T. Holmstrom; R. J. Holt; J. Huang; C. E. Hyde; C. M. Jen; D. Jones; Hoyoung Kang; P. M. King; S. Kowalski; K. S. Kumar; J. H. Lee; J. J. LeRose; N. Liyanage; E. Long; D. McNulty; D. J. Margaziotis; F. Meddi; D. G.Meekins; L. Mercado; Z. E. Meziani; R. Michaels; M. Mihovilovic; N. Muangma; K. E. Myers; S. Nanda; A. Narayan; V. Nelyubin; N. Nuruzzaman; Y. Oh; D. Parno; K. D. Paschke; S. K. Phillips; X. Qian; Y. Qiang; B. Quinn; A. Rakhman; P. E. Reimer; K. Rider; S. Riordan; J. Roche; J. Rubin; G. Russo; K. Saenboonruang; A. Saha; B. Sawatzky; A. Shahinyan; R. Silwal; S. Sirca; P. A. Souder; R. Suleiman; V. Sulkosky; C. M. Sutera; W. A. Tobias; G. M. Urciuoli; B. Waidyawansa; B. Wojtsekhowski; L. Ye; B. Zhao; X. Zheng

doi:10.1038/nature12964

Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering

D. Wang, K. Pan, R. Subedi, X. Deng, Z. Ahmed, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, D. S. Armstrong, J. Arrington, V. Bellini, R. Beminiwattha, J. Benesch, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G. D. Cates, J. P. Chen, E. Chudakov, E. CisbaniM. M. Dalton, C. W. De Jager, R. De Leo, W. Deconinck, A. Deur, C. Dutta, L. El Fassi, J. Erler, D. Flay, G. B. Franklin, M. Friend, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, S. Gilad, A. Giusa, A. Glamazdin, S. Golge, K. Grimm, K. Hafidi, J. O. Hansen, D. W. Higinbotham, R. Holmes, T. Holmstrom, R. J. Holt, J. Huang, C. E. Hyde, C. M. Jen, D. Jones, Hoyoung Kang, P. M. King, S. Kowalski, K. S. Kumar, J. H. Lee, J. J. LeRose, N. Liyanage, E. Long, D. McNulty, D. J. Margaziotis, F. Meddi, D. G.Meekins, L. Mercado, Z. E. Meziani, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, N. Muangma, K. E. Myers, S. Nanda, A. Narayan, V. Nelyubin, N. Nuruzzaman, Y. Oh, D. Parno, K. D. Paschke, S. K. Phillips, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, B. Quinn, A. Rakhman, P. E. Reimer, K. Rider, S. Riordan, J. Roche, J. Rubin, G. Russo, K. Saenboonruang, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, A. Shahinyan, R. Silwal, S. Sirca, P. A. Souder, R. Suleiman, V. Sulkosky, C. M. Sutera, W. A. Tobias, G. M. Urciuoli, B. Waidyawansa, B. Wojtsekhowski, L. Ye, B. Zhao, X. Zheng

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

92 Scopus citations

Abstract

Symmetry permeates nature and is fundamental to all laws of physics. One example is parity (mirror) symmetry, which implies that flipping left and right does not change the laws of physics. Laws for electromagnetism, gravity and the subatomic strong force respect parity symmetry, but the subatomic weak force does not. Historically, parity violation in electron scattering has been important in establishing (and now testing) the standard model of particle physics. One particular set of quantities accessible through measurements of parity-violating electron scattering are the effective weak couplings C 2q, sensitive to the quarks' chirality preference when participating in the weak force, which have been measured directly only once in the past 40 years. Here we report a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-quark scattering, which yields a determination of 2C 2u-C 2d (where u and d denote up and down quarks, respectively) with a precision increased by a factor of five relative to the earlier result. These results provide evidence with greater than 95 per cent confidence that the C 2q couplings are non-zero, as predicted by the electroweak theory. They lead to constraints on new parity-violating interactions beyond the standard model, particularly those due to quark chirality. Whereas contemporary particle physics research is focused on high-energy colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider, our results provide specific chirality information on electroweak theory that is difficult to obtain at high energies. Our measurement is relatively free of ambiguity in its interpretation, and opens the door to even more precise measurements in the future.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	67-70
Number of pages	4
Journal	Nature
Volume	506
Issue number	7486
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12964
State	Published - 2014
Externally published	Yes

Funding

Acknowledgements We thank the personnel of Jefferson Lab for their efforts which resulted in the successful completion of the experiment, and A. Accardi, P. Blunden, W. Melnitchouk and their collaborators for carrying out the calculations necessary for the completion of the data analysis. X.Z. thanks the Medium Energy Physics Group at the Argonne National Laboratory for support during the initial work on this experiment. J.E. was supported by PAPIIT (DGAPAUNAM) project IN106913 and CONACyT (México) project 151234, and acknowledges the hospitality and support by the Mainz Institute for TheoreticalPhysics (MITP)wherepartofhis workwas completed.This work was supported in part by the Jeffress Memorial Trust (award no. J-836), the US NSF (award no. 0653347), and the US DOE (award nos DE-SC0003885 and DE-AC02-06CH11357). This work was authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under US DOE contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The US Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for US Government purposes.

Funders	Funder number
DGAPAUNAM	IN106913
Mainz Institute for TheoreticalPhysics
PAPIIT
National Science Foundation	0653347, 1206082, 1206053, 1068667, 1306376
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0003885, DE-AC05-06OR23177
Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust	J-836
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología	151234

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10.1038/nature12964

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Wang, D., Pan, K., Subedi, R., Deng, X., Ahmed, Z., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Armstrong, D. S., Arrington, J., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Bertozzi, W., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Cates, G. D., Chen, J. P., Chudakov, E., ... Zheng, X. (2014). Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering. Nature, 506(7486), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12964

@article{ae6cf44044cf45d387f357b890689beb,

title = "Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering",

abstract = "Symmetry permeates nature and is fundamental to all laws of physics. One example is parity (mirror) symmetry, which implies that flipping left and right does not change the laws of physics. Laws for electromagnetism, gravity and the subatomic strong force respect parity symmetry, but the subatomic weak force does not. Historically, parity violation in electron scattering has been important in establishing (and now testing) the standard model of particle physics. One particular set of quantities accessible through measurements of parity-violating electron scattering are the effective weak couplings C 2q, sensitive to the quarks' chirality preference when participating in the weak force, which have been measured directly only once in the past 40 years. Here we report a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-quark scattering, which yields a determination of 2C 2u-C 2d (where u and d denote up and down quarks, respectively) with a precision increased by a factor of five relative to the earlier result. These results provide evidence with greater than 95 per cent confidence that the C 2q couplings are non-zero, as predicted by the electroweak theory. They lead to constraints on new parity-violating interactions beyond the standard model, particularly those due to quark chirality. Whereas contemporary particle physics research is focused on high-energy colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider, our results provide specific chirality information on electroweak theory that is difficult to obtain at high energies. Our measurement is relatively free of ambiguity in its interpretation, and opens the door to even more precise measurements in the future.",

author = "D. Wang and K. Pan and R. Subedi and X. Deng and Z. Ahmed and K. Allada and Aniol, {K. A.} and Armstrong, {D. S.} and J. Arrington and V. Bellini and R. Beminiwattha and J. Benesch and F. Benmokhtar and W. Bertozzi and A. Camsonne and M. Canan and Cates, {G. D.} and Chen, {J. P.} and E. Chudakov and E. Cisbani and Dalton, {M. M.} and {De Jager}, {C. W.} and {De Leo}, R. and W. Deconinck and A. Deur and C. Dutta and {El Fassi}, L. and J. Erler and D. Flay and Franklin, {G. B.} and M. Friend and S. Frullani and F. Garibaldi and S. Gilad and A. Giusa and A. Glamazdin and S. Golge and K. Grimm and K. Hafidi and Hansen, {J. O.} and Higinbotham, {D. W.} and R. Holmes and T. Holmstrom and Holt, {R. J.} and J. Huang and Hyde, {C. E.} and Jen, {C. M.} and D. Jones and Hoyoung Kang and King, {P. M.} and S. Kowalski and Kumar, {K. S.} and Lee, {J. H.} and LeRose, {J. J.} and N. Liyanage and E. Long and D. McNulty and Margaziotis, {D. J.} and F. Meddi and D. G.Meekins and L. Mercado and Meziani, {Z. E.} and R. Michaels and M. Mihovilovic and N. Muangma and Myers, {K. E.} and S. Nanda and A. Narayan and V. Nelyubin and N. Nuruzzaman and Y. Oh and D. Parno and Paschke, {K. D.} and Phillips, {S. K.} and X. Qian and Y. Qiang and B. Quinn and A. Rakhman and Reimer, {P. E.} and K. Rider and S. Riordan and J. Roche and J. Rubin and G. Russo and K. Saenboonruang and A. Saha and B. Sawatzky and A. Shahinyan and R. Silwal and S. Sirca and Souder, {P. A.} and R. Suleiman and V. Sulkosky and Sutera, {C. M.} and Tobias, {W. A.} and Urciuoli, {G. M.} and B. Waidyawansa and B. Wojtsekhowski and L. Ye and B. Zhao and X. Zheng",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1038/nature12964",

language = "English",

volume = "506",

pages = "67--70",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Research",

number = "7486",

}

Wang, D, Pan, K, Subedi, R, Deng, X, Ahmed, Z, Allada, K, Aniol, KA, Armstrong, DS, Arrington, J, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Bertozzi, W, Camsonne, A, Canan, M, Cates, GD, Chen, JP, Chudakov, E, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, De Jager, CW, De Leo, R, Deconinck, W, Deur, A, Dutta, C, El Fassi, L, Erler, J, Flay, D, Franklin, GB, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Garibaldi, F, Gilad, S, Giusa, A, Glamazdin, A, Golge, S, Grimm, K, Hafidi, K, Hansen, JO, Higinbotham, DW, Holmes, R, Holmstrom, T, Holt, RJ, Huang, J, Hyde, CE, Jen, CM, Jones, D, Kang, H, King, PM, Kowalski, S, Kumar, KS, Lee, JH, LeRose, JJ, Liyanage, N, Long, E, McNulty, D, Margaziotis, DJ, Meddi, F, G.Meekins, D, Mercado, L, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Myers, KE, Nanda, S, Narayan, A, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, N, Oh, Y, Parno, D, Paschke, KD, Phillips, SK, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Quinn, B, Rakhman, A, Reimer, PE, Rider, K, Riordan, S, Roche, J, Rubin, J, Russo, G, Saenboonruang, K, Saha, A, Sawatzky, B, Shahinyan, A, Silwal, R, Sirca, S, Souder, PA, Suleiman, R, Sulkosky, V, Sutera, CM, Tobias, WA, Urciuoli, GM, Waidyawansa, B, Wojtsekhowski, B, Ye, L, Zhao, B & Zheng, X 2014, 'Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering', Nature, vol. 506, no. 7486, pp. 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12964

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering

AU - Wang, D.

AU - Pan, K.

AU - Subedi, R.

AU - Deng, X.

AU - Ahmed, Z.

AU - Allada, K.

AU - Aniol, K. A.

AU - Armstrong, D. S.

AU - Arrington, J.

AU - Bellini, V.

AU - Beminiwattha, R.

AU - Benesch, J.

AU - Benmokhtar, F.

AU - Bertozzi, W.

AU - Camsonne, A.

AU - Canan, M.

AU - Cates, G. D.

AU - Chen, J. P.

AU - Chudakov, E.

AU - Cisbani, E.

AU - Dalton, M. M.

AU - De Jager, C. W.

AU - De Leo, R.

AU - Deconinck, W.

AU - Deur, A.

AU - Dutta, C.

AU - El Fassi, L.

AU - Erler, J.

AU - Flay, D.

AU - Franklin, G. B.

AU - Friend, M.

AU - Frullani, S.

AU - Garibaldi, F.

AU - Gilad, S.

AU - Giusa, A.

AU - Glamazdin, A.

AU - Golge, S.

AU - Grimm, K.

AU - Hafidi, K.

AU - Hansen, J. O.

AU - Higinbotham, D. W.

AU - Holmes, R.

AU - Holmstrom, T.

AU - Holt, R. J.

AU - Huang, J.

AU - Hyde, C. E.

AU - Jen, C. M.

AU - Jones, D.

AU - Kang, Hoyoung

AU - King, P. M.

AU - Kowalski, S.

AU - Kumar, K. S.

AU - Lee, J. H.

AU - LeRose, J. J.

AU - Liyanage, N.

AU - Long, E.

AU - McNulty, D.

AU - Margaziotis, D. J.

AU - Meddi, F.

AU - G.Meekins, D.

AU - Mercado, L.

AU - Meziani, Z. E.

AU - Michaels, R.

AU - Mihovilovic, M.

AU - Muangma, N.

AU - Myers, K. E.

AU - Nanda, S.

AU - Narayan, A.

AU - Nelyubin, V.

AU - Nuruzzaman, N.

AU - Oh, Y.

AU - Parno, D.

AU - Paschke, K. D.

AU - Phillips, S. K.

AU - Qian, X.

AU - Qiang, Y.

AU - Quinn, B.

AU - Rakhman, A.

AU - Reimer, P. E.

AU - Rider, K.

AU - Riordan, S.

AU - Roche, J.

AU - Rubin, J.

AU - Russo, G.

AU - Saenboonruang, K.

AU - Saha, A.

AU - Sawatzky, B.

AU - Shahinyan, A.

AU - Silwal, R.

AU - Sirca, S.

AU - Souder, P. A.

AU - Suleiman, R.

AU - Sulkosky, V.

AU - Sutera, C. M.

AU - Tobias, W. A.

AU - Urciuoli, G. M.

AU - Waidyawansa, B.

AU - Wojtsekhowski, B.

AU - Ye, L.

AU - Zhao, B.

AU - Zheng, X.

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Symmetry permeates nature and is fundamental to all laws of physics. One example is parity (mirror) symmetry, which implies that flipping left and right does not change the laws of physics. Laws for electromagnetism, gravity and the subatomic strong force respect parity symmetry, but the subatomic weak force does not. Historically, parity violation in electron scattering has been important in establishing (and now testing) the standard model of particle physics. One particular set of quantities accessible through measurements of parity-violating electron scattering are the effective weak couplings C 2q, sensitive to the quarks' chirality preference when participating in the weak force, which have been measured directly only once in the past 40 years. Here we report a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-quark scattering, which yields a determination of 2C 2u-C 2d (where u and d denote up and down quarks, respectively) with a precision increased by a factor of five relative to the earlier result. These results provide evidence with greater than 95 per cent confidence that the C 2q couplings are non-zero, as predicted by the electroweak theory. They lead to constraints on new parity-violating interactions beyond the standard model, particularly those due to quark chirality. Whereas contemporary particle physics research is focused on high-energy colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider, our results provide specific chirality information on electroweak theory that is difficult to obtain at high energies. Our measurement is relatively free of ambiguity in its interpretation, and opens the door to even more precise measurements in the future.

AB - Symmetry permeates nature and is fundamental to all laws of physics. One example is parity (mirror) symmetry, which implies that flipping left and right does not change the laws of physics. Laws for electromagnetism, gravity and the subatomic strong force respect parity symmetry, but the subatomic weak force does not. Historically, parity violation in electron scattering has been important in establishing (and now testing) the standard model of particle physics. One particular set of quantities accessible through measurements of parity-violating electron scattering are the effective weak couplings C 2q, sensitive to the quarks' chirality preference when participating in the weak force, which have been measured directly only once in the past 40 years. Here we report a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in electron-quark scattering, which yields a determination of 2C 2u-C 2d (where u and d denote up and down quarks, respectively) with a precision increased by a factor of five relative to the earlier result. These results provide evidence with greater than 95 per cent confidence that the C 2q couplings are non-zero, as predicted by the electroweak theory. They lead to constraints on new parity-violating interactions beyond the standard model, particularly those due to quark chirality. Whereas contemporary particle physics research is focused on high-energy colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider, our results provide specific chirality information on electroweak theory that is difficult to obtain at high energies. Our measurement is relatively free of ambiguity in its interpretation, and opens the door to even more precise measurements in the future.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84893720272&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/nature12964

DO - 10.1038/nature12964

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84893720272

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 506

SP - 67

EP - 70

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7486

ER -

Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering

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