Abstract
Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing is an additive manufacturing technique based on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) with the option to use many shielding gases, and materials. The system is equipped with a dual torch design allowing for printing different materials; in our study, AISI 410 stainless steel and AWS ER70S-6 mild steel are both printed in the same component. Different print strategies were designed to highlight changes in material and mechanical properties. Deformation behaviour of a materials’ interface was analysed by two-dimensional digital image correlation of uniaxial tensile specimens in displacement-controlled tests. Instances of non-homogeneous local strains adjacent to the interface are observed, as well as variability in mechanical behaviour and microstructure based on location within the print. Optical and electron microscopy are used to evaluate three microstructural zones in a 5 mm range of the interface between mild steel and stainless steel. Areas far from the interface produced polygonal ferrite and pearlite, while areas close to the interface produced acicular ferrite and bainite. Chromium redistribution profiles are dependent on the print strategy used, as shown by scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive spectroscopy. Evidence produced via electron backscatter diffraction is shown to support the argument that transformation induced plasticity is not the cause for the non-homogeneous deformation.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 102175 |
| Journal | Additive Manufacturing |
| Volume | 46 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 2021 |
Funding
The authors wish to thank Y. Emun, P. Tallon, C. Pelligra, and D. Culley at McMaster University. The authors would also like to thank many researchers and technicians in the Mechanical Testing Lab, the LAMDA facility, MDF, Zeiss Lab, and HTML at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research was supported, in part, thanks to funding from the Discovery Grant program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada as well as an appointment to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Advanced Short-Term Research Opportunity (ASTRO) Program. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This research was supported, in part, thanks to funding from the Discovery Grant program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada as well as an appointment to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Advanced Short-Term Research Opportunity (ASTRO) Program. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy , Advanced Manufacturing Office , under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC .
Keywords
- Additive manufacturing
- Interface
- Microscopy
- Microstructure
- Mild steel
- Print strategy
- Stainless steel
