Lattice Parameter Evolution during the β-to-α and β-to-ω Transformations of Iron- and Aluminum-Modified Ti-11Cr(at.%)

Jo Ann Ballor; Jonathan D. Poplawsky; Arun Devaraj; Scott Misture; Carl J. Boehlert

doi:10.3390/cryst14020145

Lattice Parameter Evolution during the β-to-α and β-to-ω Transformations of Iron- and Aluminum-Modified Ti-11Cr(at.%)

Jo Ann Ballor, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Arun Devaraj, Scott Misture, Carl J. Boehlert

Materials MicroAnalysis

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

β-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are useful in diverse industries because their mechanical properties can be tuned by transforming the metastable β phase into other metastable and stable phases. Relationships between lattice parameter and β-Ti alloy concentrations have been explored, but the lattice parameter evolution during β-phase transformations is not well understood. In this work, the β-Ti alloys, Ti-11Cr, Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe, Ti-11Cr-5.3Al, and Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe-5.3Al (all in at.%), underwent a 400 °C aging treatment for up to 12 h to induce the β-to-ω and β-to-α phase transformations. Phase identification and lattice parameters were measured in situ using high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Phase compositions were measured ex situ using atom probe tomography. During the phase transformations, Cr and Fe diffused from the ω and α phases into the β matrix, and the β-phase lattice parameter exhibited a corresponding decrease. The decrease in β-phase lattice parameter affected the α- and ω-phase lattice parameters. The α phase in the Fe-free alloys exhibited α-phase c/a ratios close to those of pure Ti. A larger β-phase composition change in Ti-11Cr resulted in larger ω-phase lattice parameter changes than that for Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe. This work illuminates the complex relationship between diffusion, composition, and structure for these diffusive/displacive transformations.

Original language	English
Article number	145
Journal	Crystals
Volume	14
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020145
State	Published - Feb 2024

Funding

The authors would like to thank Swavek Zdzieszynski of Alfred University for assistance in performing the HTXRD experiments and James Burns of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for assistance in performing APT sample preparation and running the APT experiments. The APT research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The authors acknowledge Masahiko Ikeda of Kansai University for donating the materials studied and useful insights, Elizabeth Kautz of North Carolina State University for helpful discussions about the APT data, and Alexandra Zevalkink of Michigan State University for helpful discussions about the Rietveld analysis. This material is based in part on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program. The SCGSR program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education for the DOE under contract number DE-SC0014664. The funding for the alloy processing, metallographic preparation, and HTXRD was supported by National Science Foundation Division of Material Research (grant No. DMR1607942) through the Metals and Metallic Nanostructures (MMN) program. A portion of the funding for this research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science through grant No. DE-SC0001525. A.D. would like to acknowledge the funding support from the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division as a part of the Early Career Research Program FWP 76052. S.M. acknowledges support via the Inamori Professorship which supported the in situ XRD measurements and analysis.

Funders	Funder number
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Metals and Metallic Nanostructures
National Science Foundation Division of Material Research	DMR1607942
Office of Science Graduate Student Research
SCGSR
U.S. Department of Energy	DE-SC0014664
Office of Science
Basic Energy Sciences	DE-SC0001525
Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering	FWP 76052

Keywords

X-ray analysis
atom probe tomography
characterization
lattice parameters
phase transformations
titanium alloys

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10.3390/cryst14020145

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title = "Lattice Parameter Evolution during the β-to-α and β-to-ω Transformations of Iron- and Aluminum-Modified Ti-11Cr(at.%)",

abstract = "β-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are useful in diverse industries because their mechanical properties can be tuned by transforming the metastable β phase into other metastable and stable phases. Relationships between lattice parameter and β-Ti alloy concentrations have been explored, but the lattice parameter evolution during β-phase transformations is not well understood. In this work, the β-Ti alloys, Ti-11Cr, Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe, Ti-11Cr-5.3Al, and Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe-5.3Al (all in at.%), underwent a 400 °C aging treatment for up to 12 h to induce the β-to-ω and β-to-α phase transformations. Phase identification and lattice parameters were measured in situ using high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Phase compositions were measured ex situ using atom probe tomography. During the phase transformations, Cr and Fe diffused from the ω and α phases into the β matrix, and the β-phase lattice parameter exhibited a corresponding decrease. The decrease in β-phase lattice parameter affected the α- and ω-phase lattice parameters. The α phase in the Fe-free alloys exhibited α-phase c/a ratios close to those of pure Ti. A larger β-phase composition change in Ti-11Cr resulted in larger ω-phase lattice parameter changes than that for Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe. This work illuminates the complex relationship between diffusion, composition, and structure for these diffusive/displacive transformations.",

keywords = "X-ray analysis, atom probe tomography, characterization, lattice parameters, phase transformations, titanium alloys",

author = "Ballor, {Jo Ann} and Poplawsky, {Jonathan D.} and Arun Devaraj and Scott Misture and Boehlert, {Carl J.}",

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N2 - β-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are useful in diverse industries because their mechanical properties can be tuned by transforming the metastable β phase into other metastable and stable phases. Relationships between lattice parameter and β-Ti alloy concentrations have been explored, but the lattice parameter evolution during β-phase transformations is not well understood. In this work, the β-Ti alloys, Ti-11Cr, Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe, Ti-11Cr-5.3Al, and Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe-5.3Al (all in at.%), underwent a 400 °C aging treatment for up to 12 h to induce the β-to-ω and β-to-α phase transformations. Phase identification and lattice parameters were measured in situ using high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Phase compositions were measured ex situ using atom probe tomography. During the phase transformations, Cr and Fe diffused from the ω and α phases into the β matrix, and the β-phase lattice parameter exhibited a corresponding decrease. The decrease in β-phase lattice parameter affected the α- and ω-phase lattice parameters. The α phase in the Fe-free alloys exhibited α-phase c/a ratios close to those of pure Ti. A larger β-phase composition change in Ti-11Cr resulted in larger ω-phase lattice parameter changes than that for Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe. This work illuminates the complex relationship between diffusion, composition, and structure for these diffusive/displacive transformations.

AB - β-titanium (β-Ti) alloys are useful in diverse industries because their mechanical properties can be tuned by transforming the metastable β phase into other metastable and stable phases. Relationships between lattice parameter and β-Ti alloy concentrations have been explored, but the lattice parameter evolution during β-phase transformations is not well understood. In this work, the β-Ti alloys, Ti-11Cr, Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe, Ti-11Cr-5.3Al, and Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe-5.3Al (all in at.%), underwent a 400 °C aging treatment for up to 12 h to induce the β-to-ω and β-to-α phase transformations. Phase identification and lattice parameters were measured in situ using high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Phase compositions were measured ex situ using atom probe tomography. During the phase transformations, Cr and Fe diffused from the ω and α phases into the β matrix, and the β-phase lattice parameter exhibited a corresponding decrease. The decrease in β-phase lattice parameter affected the α- and ω-phase lattice parameters. The α phase in the Fe-free alloys exhibited α-phase c/a ratios close to those of pure Ti. A larger β-phase composition change in Ti-11Cr resulted in larger ω-phase lattice parameter changes than that for Ti-11Cr-0.85Fe. This work illuminates the complex relationship between diffusion, composition, and structure for these diffusive/displacive transformations.

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Lattice Parameter Evolution during the β-to-α and β-to-ω Transformations of Iron- and Aluminum-Modified Ti-11Cr(at.%)

Abstract

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Keywords

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