It is not σ8: constraining the non-linear matter power spectrum with the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 supernova sample

DES Collaboration

doi:10.1093/mnras/staf286

It is not σ₈: constraining the non-linear matter power spectrum with the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 supernova sample

DES Collaboration

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Abstract

The weak gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is sensitive to the matter power spectrum on scales k > 1h Mpc⁻¹, making it unwise to interpret SNe Ia lensing in terms of power on linear scales. We compute the probability density function of SNe Ia magnification as a function of standard cosmological parameters, plus an empirical parameter A_mod which describes the suppression or enhancement of matter power on non-linear scales compared to a cold dark matter only model. While baryons are expected to enhance power on the scales relevant to SN Ia lensing, other physics such as neutrino masses or non-standard dark matter may suppress power. Using the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 sample, we find A_mod = 0.77⁺₋₀⁰^.₄₀⁶⁹ (68 per cent credible interval around the median). Although the median is consistent with unity there are hints of power suppression, with A_mod < 1.09 at 68 per cent credibility.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3814-3825
Number of pages	12
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	537
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf286
State	Published - Mar 1 2025

Funding

Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Funda\u00E7\u00E3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico and the Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. TMD, AC, RC, acknowledge the support of an Australian Research Council Australian Laureate Fellowship (FL180100168) funded by the Australian Government, and AM was supported by the ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) project number DE230100055. MS and JL are supported by DOE grant DE-FOA-0002424 and NSF grant AST-2108094. RK was supported by DOE grant DE-SC0009924. MV was partly supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51546.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. LG acknowledges financial support from AGAUR, CSIC, MCIN, and AEI 10.13039/501100011033 under projects PID2023-151307NB-I00, PIE 20215AT016, CEX2020-001058-M, and 2021-SGR-01270. DS was supported in part by NASA grant 14-WPS14-0048. The UCSC team was supported in part by NASA grants NNG16PJ34G and NNG17PX03C issued through the Roman Science Investigation Teams Program; NSF grants AST-1518052 and AST-1815935; NASA through grant No. AR-14296 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5\u201326555; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation. We acknowledge the University of Chicago\u2019s Research Computing Center for their support of this work. The DES data management system was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672,291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00EAncia e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. Based in part on data acquired at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which the AAT stands, the Gamilaraay people, and pay our respects to elders past and present. Parts of this research were supported by the Australian Research Council, through project numbers CE110001020,FL180100168, and DE230100055. Based in part on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a programme of NSF\u2019s NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00EDa e Innovaci\u00F3n (Argentina), Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia, Inova\u00E7\u00F5es e Comunica\u00E7\u00F5es (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This includes data from programmes (GN-2015B-Q-10, GN-2016B-LP-10, GN-2017B-LP-10, GS-2013B-Q-45, GS-2015B-Q-7, GS-2016B-LP-10, GS-2016B-Q-41, and GS-2017B-LP-10; PI Foley). Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 non-profit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (PIs Foley, Kirshner, and Nugent). The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This paper includes results based on data gathered with the 6.5 meter Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile (PI Foley), and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) (PIs M. Smith & E. Kasai). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 using NERSC award HEP-ERCAP0023923. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Keywords

cosmology: cosmological parameters
cosmology: dark matter
galaxies: haloes
gravitational lensing: weak
transients: supernovae

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/staf286

Cite this

@article{c721bbcbaeb14f149375732c40640c34,

title = "It is not σ8: constraining the non-linear matter power spectrum with the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 supernova sample",

abstract = "The weak gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is sensitive to the matter power spectrum on scales k > 1h Mpc−1, making it unwise to interpret SNe Ia lensing in terms of power on linear scales. We compute the probability density function of SNe Ia magnification as a function of standard cosmological parameters, plus an empirical parameter Amod which describes the suppression or enhancement of matter power on non-linear scales compared to a cold dark matter only model. While baryons are expected to enhance power on the scales relevant to SN Ia lensing, other physics such as neutrino masses or non-standard dark matter may suppress power. Using the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 sample, we find Amod = 0.77+−00.4069 (68 per cent credible interval around the median). Although the median is consistent with unity there are hints of power suppression, with Amod < 1.09 at 68 per cent credibility.",

keywords = "cosmology: cosmological parameters, cosmology: dark matter, galaxies: haloes, gravitational lensing: weak, transients: supernovae",

author = "{DES Collaboration} and P. Shah and Davis, {T. M.} and M. Vincenzi and P. Armstrong and D. Brout and R. Camilleri and L. Galbany and Gill, {M. S.S.} and D. Huterer and N. Jeffrey and O. Lahav and J. Lee and C. Lidman and A. M{\"o}ller and M. Sullivan and L. Whiteway and P. Wiseman and S. Allam and M. Aguena and J. Annis and J. Blazek and D. Brooks and Rosell, {A. Carnero} and J. Carretero and C. Conselice and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and Pereira, {M. E.S.} and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and P. Doel and S. Everett and I. Ferrero and B. Flaugher and J. Frieman and J. Garc{\'i}a-Bellido and E. Gaztanaga and G. Giannini and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and G. Gutierrez and Hinton, {S. R.} and Hollowood, {D. L.} and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and S. Lee and Marshall, {J. L.} and J. Mena-Fern{\'a}ndez and R. Miquel and A. Palmese and E. Suchyta",

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month = mar,

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doi = "10.1093/mnras/staf286",

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AU - Davis, T. M.

AU - Vincenzi, M.

AU - Armstrong, P.

AU - Brout, D.

AU - Camilleri, R.

AU - Galbany, L.

AU - Gill, M. S.S.

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AU - Conselice, C.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Pereira, M. E.S.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Doel, P.

AU - Everett, S.

AU - Ferrero, I.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - García-Bellido, J.

AU - Gaztanaga, E.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

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AU - Hinton, S. R.

AU - Hollowood, D. L.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Lee, S.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Mena-Fernández, J.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Palmese, A.

AU - Suchyta, E.

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N2 - The weak gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is sensitive to the matter power spectrum on scales k > 1h Mpc−1, making it unwise to interpret SNe Ia lensing in terms of power on linear scales. We compute the probability density function of SNe Ia magnification as a function of standard cosmological parameters, plus an empirical parameter Amod which describes the suppression or enhancement of matter power on non-linear scales compared to a cold dark matter only model. While baryons are expected to enhance power on the scales relevant to SN Ia lensing, other physics such as neutrino masses or non-standard dark matter may suppress power. Using the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 sample, we find Amod = 0.77+−00.4069 (68 per cent credible interval around the median). Although the median is consistent with unity there are hints of power suppression, with Amod < 1.09 at 68 per cent credibility.

AB - The weak gravitational lensing magnification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is sensitive to the matter power spectrum on scales k > 1h Mpc−1, making it unwise to interpret SNe Ia lensing in terms of power on linear scales. We compute the probability density function of SNe Ia magnification as a function of standard cosmological parameters, plus an empirical parameter Amod which describes the suppression or enhancement of matter power on non-linear scales compared to a cold dark matter only model. While baryons are expected to enhance power on the scales relevant to SN Ia lensing, other physics such as neutrino masses or non-standard dark matter may suppress power. Using the Dark Energy Survey Year-5 sample, we find Amod = 0.77+−00.4069 (68 per cent credible interval around the median). Although the median is consistent with unity there are hints of power suppression, with Amod < 1.09 at 68 per cent credibility.

KW - cosmology: cosmological parameters

KW - cosmology: dark matter

KW - galaxies: haloes

KW - gravitational lensing: weak

KW - transients: supernovae

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