Ionic conductance through graphene: Assessing its applicability as a proton selective membrane

Pavan Chaturvedi; Ivan V. Vlassiouk; David A. Cullen; Adam J. Rondinone; Nickolay V. Lavrik; Sergei N. Smirnov

doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b06505

Ionic conductance through graphene: Assessing its applicability as a proton selective membrane

Pavan Chaturvedi, Ivan V. Vlassiouk, David A. Cullen, Adam J. Rondinone, Nickolay V. Lavrik, Sergei N. Smirnov

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26 Scopus citations

Abstract

Inspired by recent reports on possible proton conductance through graphene, we have investigated the behavior of pristine graphene and defect engineered graphene membranes for ionic conductance and selectivity with the goal of evaluating a possibility of its application as a proton selective membrane. The averaged conductance for pristine chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene at pH1 is â&circ;4 mS/cm² but varies strongly due to contributions from the unavoidable defects in our CVD graphene. From the variations in the conductance with electrolyte strength and pH, we can conclude that pristine graphene is fairly selective and the conductance is mainly due to protons. Engineering of the defects with ion beam (He⁺, Ga⁺) irradiation and plasma (N₂ and H₂) treatment showed improved areal conductance with high proton selectivity mostly for He-ion beam and H₂ plasma treatments, which agrees with primarily vacancy-free type of defects produced in these cases confirmed by Raman analysis.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	12109-12119
Number of pages	11
Journal	ACS Nano
Volume	13
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b06505
State	Published - Oct 22 2019

Funding

This work was partially supported by a grant from the Department of Energy (ARPA-E DE-AR0000651). A portion of this project involving the sample fabrication effort including lithography, SEM, STEM, FIB, He + and Ne + beams, and Raman spectroscopy were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

Funders	Funder number
U.S. Department of Energy
Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy	DE-AR0000651

Keywords

Defect
Graphene
Ion bombardment
Ionic conductivity
Plasma
Proton selectivity
Raman

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10.1021/acsnano.9b06505

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title = "Ionic conductance through graphene: Assessing its applicability as a proton selective membrane",

abstract = "Inspired by recent reports on possible proton conductance through graphene, we have investigated the behavior of pristine graphene and defect engineered graphene membranes for ionic conductance and selectivity with the goal of evaluating a possibility of its application as a proton selective membrane. The averaged conductance for pristine chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene at pH1 is {\^a}&circ;4 mS/cm2 but varies strongly due to contributions from the unavoidable defects in our CVD graphene. From the variations in the conductance with electrolyte strength and pH, we can conclude that pristine graphene is fairly selective and the conductance is mainly due to protons. Engineering of the defects with ion beam (He+, Ga+) irradiation and plasma (N2 and H2) treatment showed improved areal conductance with high proton selectivity mostly for He-ion beam and H2 plasma treatments, which agrees with primarily vacancy-free type of defects produced in these cases confirmed by Raman analysis.",

keywords = "Defect, Graphene, Ion bombardment, Ionic conductivity, Plasma, Proton selectivity, Raman",

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AU - Chaturvedi, Pavan

AU - Vlassiouk, Ivan V.

AU - Cullen, David A.

AU - Rondinone, Adam J.

AU - Lavrik, Nickolay V.

AU - Smirnov, Sergei N.

PY - 2019/10/22

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AB - Inspired by recent reports on possible proton conductance through graphene, we have investigated the behavior of pristine graphene and defect engineered graphene membranes for ionic conductance and selectivity with the goal of evaluating a possibility of its application as a proton selective membrane. The averaged conductance for pristine chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene at pH1 is â&circ;4 mS/cm2 but varies strongly due to contributions from the unavoidable defects in our CVD graphene. From the variations in the conductance with electrolyte strength and pH, we can conclude that pristine graphene is fairly selective and the conductance is mainly due to protons. Engineering of the defects with ion beam (He+, Ga+) irradiation and plasma (N2 and H2) treatment showed improved areal conductance with high proton selectivity mostly for He-ion beam and H2 plasma treatments, which agrees with primarily vacancy-free type of defects produced in these cases confirmed by Raman analysis.

KW - Defect

KW - Graphene

KW - Ion bombardment

KW - Ionic conductivity

KW - Plasma

KW - Proton selectivity

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Ionic conductance through graphene: Assessing its applicability as a proton selective membrane

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Keywords

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