Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments

Dwaipayan Ray; Robert Collister; Hussain Rasiwala; Lucas Backes; Ali V. Balbuena; Thomas Brunner; Iroise Casandjian; Chris Chambers; Megan Cvitan; Tim Daniels; Jens Dilling; Ryan Elmansali; William Fairbank; Daniel Fudenberg; Razvan Gornea; Giorgio Gratta; Alec Iverson; Anna A. Kwiatkowski; Kyle G. Leach; Annika Lennarz; Zepeng Li; Melissa Medina-Peregrina; Kevin Murray; Kevin O’Sullivan; Regan Ross; Raad Shaikh; Xiao Shang; Joseph Soderstrom; Victor Varentsov; Liang Yang

doi:10.3390/atoms12120071

Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments

Dwaipayan Ray, Robert Collister, Hussain Rasiwala, Lucas Backes, Ali V. Balbuena, Thomas Brunner, Iroise Casandjian, Chris Chambers, Megan Cvitan, Tim Daniels, Jens Dilling, Ryan Elmansali, William Fairbank, Daniel Fudenberg, Razvan Gornea, Giorgio Gratta, Alec Iverson, Anna A. Kwiatkowski, Kyle G. Leach, Annika LennarzZepeng Li, Melissa Medina-Peregrina, Kevin Murray, Kevin O’Sullivan, Regan Ross, Raad Shaikh, Xiao Shang, Joseph Soderstrom, Victor Varentsov, Liang Yang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Neutrinoless double beta decay ((Formula presented.)) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for (Formula presented.) decay in ¹³⁶Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding (Formula presented.) years at the 90% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to ∼90% in the (Formula presented.) -decaying isotope ¹³⁶Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm (Formula presented.) -decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the (Formula presented.) -decay daughter ¹³⁶Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential (Formula presented.) -decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as ¹³⁶Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here.

Original language	English
Article number	71
Journal	Atoms
Volume	12
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12120071
State	Published - Dec 2024
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under Grant No. SAPPJ-2019-00058 and SAPPJ-2024-00034, the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) through the John R. Evans Leaders Fund under Fund No. 35700, and the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF) through the Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute. In the USA, support has been provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 2011948. The ion funnel device and parts of the ion transport system were funded by NSF grant PHY-0918469 at Stanford University. The nEXO experiment is supported in Canada through NSERC Grant No. SAPPJ-2022-00021 and CFI Fund No. 43140 and 39881.

Keywords

Ba-tagging
laser-fluorescence spectroscopy
linear Paul trap
multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry
neutrinoless double beta decay
nEXO upgrade

Access to Document

10.3390/atoms12120071

Cite this

Ray, D., Collister, R., Rasiwala, H., Backes, L., Balbuena, A. V., Brunner, T., Casandjian, I., Chambers, C., Cvitan, M., Daniels, T., Dilling, J., Elmansali, R., Fairbank, W., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Iverson, A., Kwiatkowski, A. A., Leach, K. G., ... Yang, L. (2024). Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments. Atoms, 12(12), Article 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12120071

@article{4b92ce93ab62408c882159e639416ddd,

title = "Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments",

abstract = "Neutrinoless double beta decay ((Formula presented.)) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for (Formula presented.) decay in 136Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding (Formula presented.) years at the 90% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to ∼90% in the (Formula presented.) -decaying isotope 136Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm (Formula presented.) -decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the (Formula presented.) -decay daughter 136Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential (Formula presented.) -decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as 136Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here.",

keywords = "Ba-tagging, laser-fluorescence spectroscopy, linear Paul trap, multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry, neutrinoless double beta decay, nEXO upgrade",

author = "Dwaipayan Ray and Robert Collister and Hussain Rasiwala and Lucas Backes and Balbuena, {Ali V.} and Thomas Brunner and Iroise Casandjian and Chris Chambers and Megan Cvitan and Tim Daniels and Jens Dilling and Ryan Elmansali and William Fairbank and Daniel Fudenberg and Razvan Gornea and Giorgio Gratta and Alec Iverson and Kwiatkowski, {Anna A.} and Leach, {Kyle G.} and Annika Lennarz and Zepeng Li and Melissa Medina-Peregrina and Kevin Murray and Kevin O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Regan Ross and Raad Shaikh and Xiao Shang and Joseph Soderstrom and Victor Varentsov and Liang Yang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 by the authors.",

year = "2024",

month = dec,

doi = "10.3390/atoms12120071",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "Atoms",

issn = "2218-2004",

publisher = "MDPI",

number = "12",

}

Ray, D, Collister, R, Rasiwala, H, Backes, L, Balbuena, AV, Brunner, T, Casandjian, I, Chambers, C, Cvitan, M, Daniels, T, Dilling, J, Elmansali, R, Fairbank, W, Fudenberg, D, Gornea, R, Gratta, G, Iverson, A, Kwiatkowski, AA, Leach, KG, Lennarz, A, Li, Z, Medina-Peregrina, M, Murray, K, O’Sullivan, K, Ross, R, Shaikh, R, Shang, X, Soderstrom, J, Varentsov, V & Yang, L 2024, 'Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments', Atoms, vol. 12, no. 12, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms12120071

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum

T2 - Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments

AU - Ray, Dwaipayan

AU - Collister, Robert

AU - Rasiwala, Hussain

AU - Backes, Lucas

AU - Balbuena, Ali V.

AU - Brunner, Thomas

AU - Casandjian, Iroise

AU - Chambers, Chris

AU - Cvitan, Megan

AU - Daniels, Tim

AU - Dilling, Jens

AU - Elmansali, Ryan

AU - Fairbank, William

AU - Fudenberg, Daniel

AU - Gornea, Razvan

AU - Gratta, Giorgio

AU - Iverson, Alec

AU - Kwiatkowski, Anna A.

AU - Leach, Kyle G.

AU - Lennarz, Annika

AU - Li, Zepeng

AU - Medina-Peregrina, Melissa

AU - Murray, Kevin

AU - O’Sullivan, Kevin

AU - Ross, Regan

AU - Shaikh, Raad

AU - Shang, Xiao

AU - Soderstrom, Joseph

AU - Varentsov, Victor

AU - Yang, Liang

PY - 2024/12

Y1 - 2024/12

N2 - Neutrinoless double beta decay ((Formula presented.)) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for (Formula presented.) decay in 136Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding (Formula presented.) years at the 90% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to ∼90% in the (Formula presented.) -decaying isotope 136Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm (Formula presented.) -decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the (Formula presented.) -decay daughter 136Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential (Formula presented.) -decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as 136Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here.

AB - Neutrinoless double beta decay ((Formula presented.)) provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for (Formula presented.) decay in 136Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding (Formula presented.) years at the 90% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to ∼90% in the (Formula presented.) -decaying isotope 136Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm (Formula presented.) -decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the (Formula presented.) -decay daughter 136Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential (Formula presented.) -decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as 136Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here.

KW - Ba-tagging

KW - laser-fluorescence spectroscopy

KW - linear Paul trap

KW - multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry

KW - neutrinoless double beta decay

KW - nEXO upgrade

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213407372&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/atoms12120071

DO - 10.3390/atoms12120071

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85213407372

SN - 2218-2004

VL - 12

JO - Atoms

JF - Atoms

IS - 12

M1 - 71

ER -

Ion Manipulation from Liquid Xe to Vacuum: Ba-Tagging for a nEXO Upgrade and Future 0νββ Experiments

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this