Abstract
Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing (mBAAM) offers the potential to fabricate large scale tools at high deposition rates (15 lb/h+). 410 martensitic steel is a potential tooling material, owing to its low cost, good machinability and reasonable printability. During the mBAAM process, the shielding gas can have a significant impact on the material properties as well as the process cost. Therefore, the current study aims to understand the effect of different shielding gas mixtures on large-scale additive manufacturing of 410 martensitic stainless steel. We show that an argon mixture with 3% nitrogen gas produced the best performance in terms of maximum hardness and tensile strength, with much less scatter in tensile strength. He-Ar-CO2 or tri-mix shielded samples showed a low tensile strength with wide scatter, due to stabilized delta ferrite in microstructure during printing. Both tri-mix and Ar-CO2 shielded samples showed slightly higher porosity. Thus, we recommend the use of argon-3% nitrogen as a shielding gas mixture for processing 410 steel for tool applications, based on the relatively low cost of this gas mixture and the resulting higher hardness, higher dimensional stability, and lower porosity.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 101821 |
| Journal | Additive Manufacturing |
| Volume | 38 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 2021 |
Funding
The authors like to thank Amelia McNamee, Christopher Masuo, Derek Vaughan and Jacob Fowler for providing support during different aspects of the experiments, and Abigail Barnes for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of collaborating partners Lincoln Electric and Wolf Robotics on this project and access to the wire-arc additive manufacturing setup at the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research was partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This work was also supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Visiting Faculty Program (VFP). The authors like to thank Amelia McNamee, Christopher Masuo, Derek Vaughan and Jacob Fowler for providing support during different aspects of the experiments, and Abigail Barnes for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of collaborating partners Lincoln Electric and Wolf Robotics on this project and access to the wire-arc additive manufacturing setup at the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research was partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This work was also supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Visiting Faculty Program (VFP).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Amelia McNamee | |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Advanced Manufacturing Office | DE-AC05-00OR22725 |
| Office of Science | |
| Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy | |
| Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists |
Keywords
- Additive manufacturing
- Delta ferrite
- Mechanical properties
- Shielding gas
- Steel
- Welding
